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971.
龙口褐煤对Ni^2+,Mn^2+,Hg^2+等重金属离子的吸附特性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文以龙口褐煤作吸附剂,对重金属离子Ni^2,Mn^2+,Hg^2+的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究,探讨了吸附剂的吸附性能,影响吸附的因素和吸附机理。结果表明:褐煤对Ni^2+,Mn^2+,Hg^2+的吸附均表现出Langmuir特征,PH值是影响吸附的一个重要因素。 相似文献
972.
折流式厌氧反应器(ABR)的研究进展 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
随着对厌氧消化机理研究的不断深入和各种高效厌氧反应器的飞速发展 ,废水的厌氧生物处理技术已经成为资源和环境保护的核心技术之一[1] .UASB是荷兰Wageningen农业大学的Lettinga等人于 70年代开发的一种高效厌氧反应器 ,目前已经广泛的应用于生产实践 .UASB的成功极大的促进了其它高效厌氧反应器的发展 ,折流式厌氧反应器 (AnaerobicBaffledReactor,简称ABR)正是在UASB基础上开发出的一种新型高效厌氧反应器[2 ,3] .下面将介绍ABR反应器废水处理工艺的原理、特点以及国内外研… 相似文献
973.
以长三角城市群为研究区域,基于国家公顷对生态足迹模型参数进行修正,然后对研究区域26个城市2006—2016年人均生态足迹时间序列变化和空间分布情况进行分析,最后选取3个典型城市(上海市、苏州市和马鞍山市)从环境、经济等方面对生态足迹变化的主要驱动因子进行探讨。结果表明:2006—2016年长三角城市群26个城市人均生态足迹在时间序列上均呈上升趋势,空间分布格局变化不大,总体上呈周边高中间低的分布态势;人均GDP、城市化率、人口数量是生态足迹增长的主要驱动因子。 相似文献
974.
Zhang Zhao Xi Fengshuo Chen Xiuhua Li Shaoyuan Ma Wenhui Ding Zhao Qu Tao Dai Yongnian Deng Rong 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(6):3377-3385
Environmental Chemistry Letters - With the development of the silicon smelting industry, the increase of microsilica waste has become a serious concern calling... 相似文献
975.
976.
本文探讨了通过农业技术措施,控制稻田甲烷排放以及减少甲烷排放的潜力。试验结果表明:(1)用沼渣代替农家肥堆肥作基肥时,4种沼渣基肥处理中,有3种处理稻田甲烷排放通量比施农家肥的处理减少24~62%,比单纯施化肥处理减少11~56%;1种沼渣(马粪)由于腐熟度不够,其处理甲烷减排效果不明显;(2)改换氮肥的施用种类。以硝铵、硫铵代替尿素作追肥,甲烷排放通量分别减少26%和46%;(3)稻田的科学灌溉技术,从水用分蘖到抽穗期间,间歇落干,可以明显减少甲烷排放,而对产量无影响;(4)水稻半旱式栽培技术,也可明显抑制稻田甲烷排放。 相似文献
977.
Kuang YW Zhou GY Da Wen Z Liu SZ 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(4):270-275
Goal, Scope and Background Rapid urbanization and the expansion of industrial activities in the past several decades have led to large increases in emissions
of pollutants in the Pearl River Delta of south China. Recent reports have suggested that industrial emission is a major factor
contributing to the damages in current natural ecosystem in the Delta area. Tree barks have been used successfully to monitor
the levels of atmospheric metal deposition in many areas, but rarely in China. This study aimed at determining whether atmospheric
heavy metal deposition from a Pb-Zn smeltery at Qujiang, Guangdong province, could be accurately reflected both in the inner
bark and the outer bark of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.). The impact of the emission from smeltery on the soils beneath the trees and the relationships of the concentrations
between the soils and the barks were also analyzed.
Methods Barks around the bole of Pinus massoniana from a pine forest near a Pb-Zn smeltery at Qujiang and a reference forest at Dinghushan natural reserve were sampled with
a stainless knife at an average height of 1.5 m above the ground. Mosses and lichens on the surface barks were cleaned prior
to sampling. The samples were carefully divided into the inner bark (living part) and the outer bark (dead part) in the laboratory,
and dried and ground, respectively. After being dry-ashed, the powder of the barks was dissolved in HNO3. The solutions were analyzed for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and cobalt
(Co) by inductively coupled plasmas emission spectrometry (ICP, PS-1000AT, USA) and Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by graphite
furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS, ZEENIT 60, Germany). Surface soils (0–10 cm) beneath the sample trees were
also collected and analyzed for the selected metals.
Results and Discussion Concentrations of the selected metals in soils at Qujiang were far above their environmental background values in the area,
except for Fe and Mn, whilst at Dinghushan, they were far below their background values, except for Cd and Co. Levels of the
metals, in particular Pb and Zn, in the soils beneath the sample trees at Qujiang were higher than those at Dinghushan with
statistical significance. The result suggested that the pine forest soils at Qujiang had a great input of heavy metals from
wet and dry atmospheric deposition, with the Pb-Zn smeltery most probably being the source.
Levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Pb at Qujiang, both in the inner and the outer bark, were statistically higher than those
at Dinghushan. Higher concentrations of Pb, Fe, Zn and Cu may come from the stem-flow of elements leached from the canopy,
soil splash on the 1.5 m height and sorption of metals in the mosses and lichens growing on the bark, which were direct or
indirect results from the atmospheric deposition. Levels of heavy metals in the outer barks were associated well with the
metal concentrations in the soil, reflecting the close relationships between the metal atmospheric deposition and their accumulation
in the outer bark of Masson pine. The significant (p<0.01) correlations of Fe-Cu, Fe-Cr, Fe-Pb, Fe-Ni, Pb-Ni, and Pb-Zn in
the outer barks at Qujiang again suggested a common source for the metals. The correlation only occurred between Pb and Ni,
Cd and Co in the outer barks at Dinghushan, which suggested that those metals must possibly have other uncommon sources.
Conclusions Atmospheric deposition of the selected metals was great at Qujiang, based on the levels in the bark of Pinus massoniana and on the concentrations in the soils beneath the trees compared with that at Dinghushan. Bark of Pinus massoniana, especially the outer bark, was an indicator of metal loading at least at the time of sampling.
Recommendations and Perspectives The results from this study and the techniques employed constituted a new contribution to the development of biogeochemical
methods for environmental monitoring particularly in areas with high frequency of pollution in China. The method would be
of value for follow up studies aimed at the assessment of industrial pollution in other areas similar with the Pearl River
Delta. 相似文献
978.
猪粪干发酵物料流动性指标研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
干式沼气发酵工艺的研究中,影响干发酵工艺的最大问题是出料困难。出料的方法及设备的研究开发都涉及物料流动性。目前,还没有表征干发酵物料流动性的指标。针对该问题,本研究考察了塌落度、休止角和静摩擦系数3种参数表征猪粪干发酵物料流动性的可行性。通过3种指标对流速的曲线拟合,发现塌落度与流速的关联性最好,灵敏度系数曲线显示塌落度的灵敏度较休止角和静摩擦系数高。塌落度的测定上限和测定下限分别为253和279 mm,对应的流速分别为0.01和0.29 m/s;休止角和静摩擦系数的准确度均超出了要求的范围,所以无测定限。塌落度的最大相对误差、相对平均偏差和相对标准偏差分别为12.79%、23.62%和30.68%,远低于休止角和静摩擦系数,因此,塌落度测量结果的准确度和精密度高于休止角和静摩擦系数。从参数的准确度和精密度以及测量方法的灵敏性和测定限几方面综合考虑, 塌落度适合作为表征猪粪干发酵物料流动性的指标。 相似文献
979.
980.