Frequent Detection and Genetic Diversity of Human Bocavirus in Urban Sewage Samples

The prevalence and genetic diversity of human bocaviruses (HBoVs) in sewage water samples are largely unknown. In this study, 134 raw sewage samples from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) in Italy were analyzed by nested PCR and sequencing using species-specific primer pairs and broad-range primer pairs targeting the capsid proteins VP1/VP2. A large number of samples (106, 79.1 %) were positive for HBoV. Out of these, 49 were classified as HBoV species 2, and 27 as species 3. For the remaining 30 samples, sequencing results showed mixed electropherograms. By cloning PCR amplicons and sequencing, we confirmed the copresence of species 2 and 3 in 29 samples and species 2 and 4 in only one sample. A real-time PCR assay was also performed, using a newly designed TaqMan assay, for quantification of HBoVs in sewage water samples. Viral load quantification ranged from 5.51E+03 to 1.84E+05 GC/L (mean value 4.70E+04 GC/L) for bocavirus 2 and from 1.89E+03 to 1.02E+05 GC/L (mean value 2.27E+04 GC/L) for bocavirus 3. The wide distribution of HBoV in sewages suggests that this virus is common in the population, and the most prevalent are the species 2 and 3. HBoV-4 was also found, representing the first detection of this species in Italy. Although there is no indication of waterborne transmission for HBoV, the significant presence in sewage waters suggests that HBoV may spread to other water environments, and therefore, a potential role of water in the HBoV transmission should not be neglected.     

Bibliometric analysis of Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment research

The first step in planning the actions for climate change adaptation involves performing Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment (CCVA) to vulnerable populations and ecological systems. The study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis on the CCVA research field to identify how it was structured in terms of the mostly occurring research terms and their citation impact. A set of scientific papers related to CCVA (n?=?8941) were retrieved via Elsevier’s Scopus database over the period 1996–2016 using specific keywords. The search was carried out in February 2017. The number of yearly papers published in CCVA research field increased after 2006, increasing more than six times in 2016. Our co-occurrences term analysis grouped four clusters related to (i) exposure, sensitivity, and quantitative methods for assessing CCVA, (ii) adaptive capacity and qualitative approaches, (iii) CCVA integrated approaches by combining participatory methods to quantitative ones, and (iv) collaboration and participation issues related to global change. The co-citation analysis showed that highly cited research terms were related to adaptation, exposure factors, and related changes and global change. This bibliometric analysis has provided an overall picture on the CCVA research field, particularly highlighting its utility for climate change adaptation.     

高效生物滴滤塔处理化工污水含H2S恶臭气体实验研究

以化工污水水解酸化池收集的现场恶臭气体作为实验气体,以陶粒、半软性塑料作为生物滴滤塔的填料,探讨了生物滴滤塔挂膜过程阻力变化和H2S气体脱除率关系,并以生活污水为营养液进行了连续实验.实验研究表明：在所选实验条件下,为使H2S出口浓度达到0.06mg/m^3,生活污水COD应维持250mg/L以下,SO4^2-浓度＜1400mg/L.     

微生物促进剂在处理采油污水中的应用

微生物促进剂(VB591和BiNutrix-ww)可不断释放营养素,以保证微生物的健康生长,有助于加快微生物矿物化过程,促进有机污染物分解,达到水体净化的目的。在采集的油田废水中分别投加这两种微生物促进剂,与参照对比水样按相同条件进行了曝气处理。试验结果表明,微生物促进剂能使废水中COD和石油类的去除率大大提高,处理时间也大大缩短。     

土地利用及不透水地表对河流流量的影响

利用美国地质调查局的逐日连续流量数据计算了美国切斯比克湾地区150个小流域的34个河流流量指标,并在整个区域和划分的3个自然地理区对选择的17个指标与4种土地利用类型和不透水地表做了相关分析。结果表明,森林在降水较少的冬春两季增加流量,雨量较高的秋季减少流量,森林面积比例的增加可以削减洪峰、延长洪峰历时、稳定流量变化。农业用地比例的增加表现为稳定流量变化,延长洪峰历时,在高原地区还可以削减洪峰流量。草地比例的提高均表现为削减洪峰流量,稳定流量变化,延长洪峰历时。随着不透水地表面积增加,洪峰流量、雨季、汛期和年流量增加,流量变化加剧,洪峰历时减少,不同地理区对不透水地表的水文响应也有所不同。     

纳米Fe3O4/H2O2降解诺氟沙星

采用纳米Fe3O4催化H2O2氧化降解水环境中的诺氟沙星.考察了溶液酸度、温度、催化剂和H2O2浓度对诺氟沙星降解的影响,对比不同底物在Fe3O4/H2O2体系中的降解情况,并进一步探讨了其反应机制.结果表明,溶液酸度显著影响诺氟沙星的降解率,在酸性条件下（pH=3.5）诺氟沙星的降解效率最高.诺氟沙星的降解率随纳米F...     

藏北东巧地区地幔岩流变学特征及构造演化

本文首次从岩石组合、橄榄石与辉石组构、宏观流变、微观流变及波速和各向异性特征等方面详细阐述了东巧地区地幔岩塑性流变学特征,从微观与宏观角度进一步探讨了班公错—怒江结合带东巧地幔岩形成的地质环境及构造演化过程,认为东巧地幔岩具有超高压成因特点,形成于小洋盆环境,在印度板块向欧亚板块推移过程中就位,最终在喜马拉雅整体隆升阶段完成了近地表的构造调整。     

浅谈煤炭型城市污水处理发展现状及对策探讨

从鹤岗市城市污水处理现状出发,对城市生活污水受到严重污染所带来的问题与危害和鹤岗市污水处理事业发展现状及面临的问题和障碍,进行了分析和论述,提出水污染防治及污水处理工程的必要性,并在此基础上对建设中小型污水处理设施的必要性和紧迫性进行探讨。     

资源约束下两区域的增长

多区域增长溢出与资源约束下的可持续发展是区域增长研究领域两个非常重要的课题,但是,多区域增长溢出的研究往往忽略了资源的约束,而可持续发展研究往往缺少了对多个区域的考虑。论文将区域增长、资源贸易以及资源开发的溢出等因素结合起来,构建了两区域的增长模型,其中一个区域出售部分自身资源,另一个区域利用其他区域资源。在模型基础上,论文通过调整模型各参数进行了模拟分析,研究发现在区域内部技术溢出不足时,落后区域适合出售资源,在区域内部技术溢出很强烈的情况下,落后区域将资源投入生产比出售资源获得的收入大。两区域经济系统通过调整区域出售资源的比例,可以获得双赢的结果。     

水电工程农村移民入股安置模式初探

根据水电开发“十一五”规划和2020发展目标,平均每年需新增水电装机1 425万kW,水电事业迅速发展必将带来大量农村移民,需要妥善安置。按产业划分对两种传统安置模式特点与问题进行分析,从利益相关者和资源价值转移理论角度,论述入股安置模式的理论依据。回顾了中国近代历史上的工程征地入股安置案例。在对水电工程农村移民入股安置模式进行定义的基础上,阐述了入股安置的“以集体土地使用权作价入股”和“以征地补偿安置费用入股”两种基本方式,并探讨了水电开发企业上市条件下移民持股选择种类。通过与传统安置模式的比较,得出水电工程农村移民入股安置模式的四大优势：从非自愿性移民到自愿性移民的转变;从开发性移民到参与性移民的升华;缓解项目业主资金筹措压力;推动小城镇建设事业的发展。