内循环式生物反应器氧传质及流态特性研究

通过气-液两相普通流化床和内循环式生物反应器(DTBR)的对比研究,发现DTBR具有更好的氧传质能力和氧转移效率。本试验条件下,当表面气速为0.29cm/s时,DTBR的(KLα)20和E4值分别为普通流化床反应器的1.2倍和1.3倍。通过研究影响DTBR混合特性的主要因素,发现表面气速的影响最大,表面液速的影响最小。其它条件相同,表面气速分别为0.29和0.074cm/s时,DTBR的循环时间分别为12s和16s,混合时间分别为76.2s和91.8s。      

公元2000年我国二十省（市、区）大气主要污染物排放量变化趋势分析

在各省、市2000年的环境预测的基础上,归纳、整理、综合分析了其中20个省、市（直辖）的大气环境预测,并从中探讨了我国大气污染物排放量的发展变化趋势,提出了随着国民经济发展,未来可能出现的环境问题,为领导部门及2000年的大气环境保护规划提供科学依据。      

微波紫外协同降解染料活性艳红X-3B研究

将微波激发的无极紫外灯应用于染料废水的处理研究,考察了反应过程中染料废水脱色率、TOC去除率、溶液pH以及反应前后染料废水高效液相色谱图的变化情况。染料活性艳红X-3B经无极紫外光处理110min后,脱色率达96％,TOC去除率达66％,降解效果明显好于单独使用微波或普通紫外灯的降解效果总和,溶液pH先降低后缓慢升高。     

地铁深基坑开挖对邻近建筑物影响分析

为研究深基坑开挖对邻近建筑物的影响特征并评价其安全性,以厦门市某车站深基坑工程为例,通过构建三维有限元模型,考虑土体小应变刚度行为以及基坑-地基-基础-上部结构共同作用,计算基坑开挖引起邻近建筑物的变形值,并将柱底支座变位作为上部结构的强迫位移施加到上部结构上,然后进行结构内力分析和构件配筋验算,评价邻近建筑物的安全。研究表明:邻近建筑物越靠近基坑部分受基坑开挖影响越大,基坑开挖后,邻近建筑物结构变形主要表现为沉降和指向基坑的水平位移,结构最大水平位移为6.6 mm,自顶部向下逐渐减小,即结构发生微量倾斜;邻近建筑物地下室以沉降变形为主,主要受影响区域约为基坑围护墙后3倍的基坑开挖深度范围,沉降急剧变化区域约为1.5倍基坑开挖深度范围,地下室最大沉降为15.9 mm;受到邻近基坑开挖影响,上部结构虽然因支座变位产生内力重分布,但经检算认为整个结构仍然安全可靠。     

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) and their Effects on Biodiversity: An Overview of the Atmospheric Pathways of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Suggestions for Future Studies

Atmospheric change comprises many phenomena, namely climate change, acidic deposition, stratospheric ozone depletion, SMOG, increasing trend of suspended particulate matter, and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Among HAPs, a particular group of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), such as some organochlorine pesticides, has shown a variety of toxic effects, altering the biodiversity of many ecosystems. Because of their persistence in the environment, and of their long range transport, the study of the global cycle of POPs is important in understanding how they can affect biodiversity. This can be accomplished by coupling different approaches: toxicity and ecological studies, emission estimates, and the use of global models.     

持久性有机污染物环境多介质空间分异模型研究进展

环境多介质空间分异模型能够对持久性有机污染物(POPs)在环境多个介质中空间尺度上的迁移转化和分配过程进行准确、细致和接近真实的描述,是进行POPs的环境多介质归趋模拟和环境风险评价的重要工具.将环境多介质空间分异模型分为环境多介质质量平衡空间区划模型和大气化学传输模型,对目前几种常用的环境多介质空间分异模型GLOBO...     

Study of chest injuries to 3-year-old child occupants seated in impact shield and 5-point harness CRSs

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the 5-point harness or the impact shield child restraint system (CRS) or both have the potential to cause chest injuries to children. This is determined by examining whether the loading to the chest reaches the internal organ injury threshold for children.

Method: The chest injury risk to a child occupant in a CRS was investigated using Q3 dummy tests, finite element (FE) simulations (Q3 dummy and human models), and animal tests. The investigation was done for 2 types of CRSs (i.e., the impact shield CRS and 5-point harness CRS) based on the UN R44 dynamic test specifications.

Results: The tests using a Q3 dummy indicated that although the chest deflection of the dummy in the impact shield CRS was large, it was less than the injury threshold (40 mm). Computational biomechanics simulations (using finite element FE analysis) showed that the Q3 dummy's chest is loaded by the shield and deforms substantially under this load. To clarify whether chest injuries due to chest compression can occur with an impact shield or with the 5-point harness CRS, 7 experiments were performed using Tibetan miniature pigs with weights ranging from 9.7 to 13 kg. Severe chest and abdominal injuries (lung contusion, coronary artery laceration, liver laceration) were found in the tests using the impact shield CRS. No chest injuries were present when using the 5-point harness CRS.

Conclusion: When using the impact shield CRS, the chest deformed substantially in dummy tests and FE simulations, and chest and abdominal injuries were observed in pig tests. It is possible that these chest injuries could also occur to child occupants sitting in the impact shield CRS.     

环境监测从业人员资质信息化管理研究

以环境监测人员上岗证考核管理工作为基础,分析了环境监测人员资质信息化管理需求,从监测人员基本信息管理、理论考试管理、操作考核管理和上岗证资质管理4个方面开展了信息化管理研究与建设,重点研究了题库智能管理、考场智能安排、发证项目统一分类编码以及操作考核信息化管理等关键技术。环境监测从业人员资质信息化管理系统的有效运行,为统一考核尺度,规范考核操作流程,提高环境监测质量管理水平提供技术支撑。     

Spatial and temporal variation of soil organic carbon in the North China Plain

The organic carbon, permeability test, grain size, chemical composition, and mineral composition were analyzed for 147 samples collected from the Luan River catchment, Hebei province, China, to quantitatively characterize the effects of land use, climate change, sedimentary environment, mineral composition, and chemical composition on the spatial and temporal variation of soil organic carbon (SOC). The results indicate that there was higher SOC content and stronger variation in the south plain than in the northern low mountain. The effects of land use, climate change, and sedimentary environment on SOC distribution were greater than the effects of mineral composition and chemical composition. The cropping systems in the Luan River catchment resulted in significant difference in SOC concentration between the south plain and north mountain. The precipitation mainly transmitted its effects through the sedimentary environment to SOC, which caused the stronger temporal variation in SOC from June to October in the south plain. The north mountain did not have significant temporal variation because of the lower hydraulic conductivity of the sedimentary sequence. The spatial variation of SOC was correlated with land use, and their temporal variation was attributed to climate change and sedimentary environment. Apart from land use, the decision maker can also affect the organic carbon mineral and sequence through the sedimentary environment.     

起重机主梁变形三维激光扫描检测技术研究

在役起重机主梁变形是导致起重机事故发生的重要因素之一.国内现阶段对于起重机主梁变形检测还停留在传统的检测方法.其检测低效率、实施高风险、结果多误差等因素使传统检测方法暴露出诸多弊端.文章通过对比验证,引入三维激光扫描检测方法,对起重机主梁腹板进行扫描并建模分析得出主梁腹板整体变形的结果,此方法可以提高腹板变形检测数据精...