板框压滤机内酒精污泥过滤脱水特性

采用螺杆泵输送和板框过滤机压滤的方法对酒精污泥进行机械脱水,研究了絮凝剂(聚丙烯酰胺PAM)添加量、污泥的进口湿含量、螺杆泵转速、过滤介质和过滤时间对污泥过滤特性的影响,并对滤饼吹气压榨进一步脱水。实验表明,在PAM添加量wPAM=3 kg/(t干污泥),污泥的进口湿含量x0=95%,螺杆泵转速n=180 r/min,过滤时间t=2.5 h并进行吹气压榨可将污泥的湿含量降至69.91%。     

A High‐Resolution National‐Scale Hydrologic Forecast System from a Global Ensemble Land Surface Model

Warning systems with the ability to predict floods several days in advance have the potential to benefit tens of millions of people. Accordingly, large‐scale streamflow prediction systems such as the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service or the Global Flood Awareness System are limited to coarse resolutions. This article presents a method for routing global runoff ensemble forecasts and global historical runoff generated by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts model using the Routing Application for Parallel computatIon of Discharge to produce high spatial resolution 15‐day stream forecasts, approximate recurrence intervals, and warning points at locations where streamflow is predicted to exceed the recurrence interval thresholds. The processing method involves distributing the computations using computer clusters to facilitate processing of large watersheds with high‐density stream networks. In addition, the Streamflow Prediction Tool web application was developed for visualizing analyzed results at both the regional level and at the reach level of high‐density stream networks. The application formed part of the base hydrologic forecasting service available to the National Flood Interoperability Experiment and can potentially transform the nation's forecast ability by incorporating ensemble predictions at the nearly 2.7 million reaches of the National Hydrography Plus Version 2 Dataset into the national forecasting system.     

局部风机停运时空冷机组凝汽器性能试验研究

针对影响空冷凝汽器性能考核试验结果真实可靠性的相关因素,以德国VGB-R131 Me试验导则为基准,对大唐国际宁夏大坝发电有限责任公司600 MW直接空冷机组配套的SPX公司空冷凝汽器的性能考核试验结果进行分析,提出了在局部风机停运情况下试验的数据处理方法和修正方法,并就性能评价系数、设计风机消耗功率及真空系统严密性对试验结果的影响进行了探讨。试验结果表明:该方法解决了局部风机停运时传统方法计算修正系数所带来的评价系数和物理过程相悖问题,保证了试验结果的真实可靠性。     

电连接器可靠性试验夹具的设计方法研究

文章简要阐述了电连接试验测试夹具的种类及其使用必要性,对电连接器电气参数测试夹具和力学振动夹具这两种夹具的设计原则、参数确定和试验验证等方面进行了重点阐述,并给出力学振动夹具的验证方法和验证指标。     

利用固控设备处理石油钻井废液的探讨

针对目前油田钻井废液原地固化处理技术易产生新废物、无法循环再利用、占用土地资源、无法根本消除环境风险等问题,按照工业生态理论的指导思想,提出了利用固控设备对钻井废液进行固液物理分离的技术,即对钻井所产生的岩屑、泥饼、清洗水、泥浆等污染物进行密闭循环处理,达到废物循环利用、控制产建投资的目的,这对从源头上控制钻井废液污染所产生的环境风险具有一定的积极意义,尤其对水资源缺乏、生态环境脆弱、成本控制压力较大的生产区具有较好的应用前景。     

Removal of silver nanoparticles in simulated wastewater treatment processes and its impact on COD and NH(4) reduction

The increasing utilization of silver nanoparticles in industrial and consumer products has raised concern to wastewater treatment utilities due to its antimicrobial activity. In this work, the removal of citrate stabilized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) during the wastewater treatment processes and its impact on treatment performance were examined. During simulated primary clarification, over 90% of the Ag-NPs remained in the wastewater, indicating that the majority of silver nanoparticles in sewage would enter the subsequent treatment units. During sequencing batch reactor processes, silver nanoparticles were effectively removed in each cycle throughout the 15-d experimental duration. Continuous input of silver nanoparticles into the wastewater did not significantly alter chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. NH(4) removal was reduced at the beginning of the SBR experiment but quickly recovered at the later stage of the experiment. This study demonstrated that in the near future it is unlikely that citrate-stabilized Ag-NPs released into sewage will cause significant adversary effects on the COD and NH(4) removal of activated sludge processes in municipal wastewater treatment plants.     

酪氨酸氯化过程中光谱变化特征及消毒副产物的生成规律

考察酪氨酸在不同投氯量条件下氯化后的余氯,紫外吸光度值和荧光光谱,以及消毒副产物对羟基苯乙腈(4-HBC)的生成特性。结果表明,随着投氯量的增加,余氯呈现先增加再减小再增加的趋势。在投氯量为0～0.5 mmolCl2/L时,增加投氯量可提高氯化后溶液的UV254、UV274和UV280值以及4-HBC的生成量,表明低投氯量时氯化可提高溶液中不饱和键的含量;而投氯量为0.5～1 mmol Cl2/L时,增加投氯量降低UV254、UV274和UV280值以及4-HBC的生成量,表明过量的氯亦可破坏溶液中的不饱和键。荧光光谱测试实验亦发现:在投氯量为0.05 mmol Cl2/L时,酪氨酸溶液氯化后的荧光峰强度明显增加,表明氯化可生成荧光强度较高的产物。过量的氯(0.5～1 mmol Cl2/L)则可破坏溶液中的荧光结构,降低荧光峰强度直至未检出。     

纤维膜过滤特性的数值模拟

一个高性能过滤膜除了与纤维自身结构参数有关联外,过滤时的操作条件对其也有重要影响。为研究纤维膜过滤效率、过滤压降与过滤速度、孔隙率以及过滤膜厚度之间的关系,以更好地对实际过滤进行优化,本研究从纤维膜的过滤机理进行出发,采用FLUENT多孔介质离散相模型对纤维过滤器的流场进行模拟。结果表明,膜前后压降会随着过滤速度和膜厚度的增大而增大;一定范围内纤维膜孔隙率适度增加,截留率变化不大,但是膜压差会逐渐减小;同时过滤速度对颗粒截留率有影响,速度增大时,粒子轨迹发生偏移,导致过滤膜一部分过早发生堵死,而一部分作用减弱,影响了过滤效果。     

Fe_2O_3和K_2CO_3对钙基添加剂脱硫脱硝的影响

在研究焦炭燃烧过程中使用钙基添加剂固硫的基础上,探讨了Fe_2O_3或K_2CO_3对CaO脱硫脱硝的影响。实验结果表明:添加剂的种类对焦炭燃烧过程中排放的SO_2和NO的浓度及总量均有一定的影响;加入Fe_2O_3或K_2CO_3替代部分CaO后,焦炭燃烧过程中排放的SO_2和NO比单独加入CaO时均有所下降;向焦炭中分别混合3.0%(w)CaO),1.5%(w)CaO+1.5%(w)Fe_2O_3,1.5%(w)CaO+1.5%(w)K_2CO_3的添加剂时,焦炭的SO_2排放总量分别降低了69.93%,75.98%,79.98%,NO排放总量分别降低了64.38%,79.73%,84.14%;加入Fe_2O_3或K_2CO_3后,钙基添加剂的表面性质发生了变化,同时增加了反应的活性中心数,因而复合添加剂能更有效地进行脱硫脱硝。