余甘子资源植物的研究与开发进展

从开发天然功能保健食(药)品的角度,总结了分布于我国南方各省的资源植物余甘子(滇橄榄,Phyllanthus emblica)的生物学、植物地理学、传统草药学、药理学、植物化学等的研究与开发进展,包括作者实验室近年开展的有关余甘子果汁澄清和果酒"去沉淀"的微生物酶法加工技术部分内容,以及引人关注的余甘子果植物多酚提取物及其在美白护肤品新用途的开发,讨论了金沙江干热河谷地域余甘子农业栽培的可行性.最后展望了余甘子这种药食两用资源植物的应用前景及研究与开发趋势.     

Exploring the nexus between energy consumption,income inequality and poverty,economic growth,and carbon dioxide emission: evidence from two step system generalized method of moments

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concern of environmental degradation, poverty, and income inequality remains a priority in achieving sustainable development goals. Countries are...     

焊接工程质量与焊接工程文件

焊接质量只能是过程控制作为国际焊接标准体系中的核心标准ISO 3834给出过程控制手段就是焊接工程文件对不同质量等级对应的文件要求不同,等级越高的焊接产品,其过程控制的文件也越多,控制点更细,保证产品达到高品质要求.与之对比某事故工程的反例,该工程的焊接文件漏项多,过程控制不能保障焊接工程的安全.通过对比国际标准,发现由于国内产品焊接标准不够成熟,没有规定产品GB/T 12467质量等级(类似ISO 3834-2,3,4),因此文件分级欠专业要求.焊接制造业升级必然是标准先行,焊接标准明确质量等级,焊接工程文件体系也将完善,从而为保障焊接工程的安全运行保驾护航.     

A continuous high-efficient demetallization strategy for used lubricating oils resource utilization

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Resource utilization of used lubricating oils (ULO) has attracted a great deal of attention over the last few decades, but remains a huge...     

Spatiotemporal evaluation of water quality incidents in Japan between 1996 and 2007

We present a spatiotemporal evaluation of water quality incidents in Japan considering incident numbers, incident causes, pollutant categories, and pollution effects. Water pollution incidents in first-class river systems almost tripled to about 1487 in the 12 years from 1996 to 2007. In addition, oil makes up the largest proportion of pollutants nationwide (76.61%) and the major source of pollution for each region in Japan. Moreover, every category shows a growth trend, especially since 2005. The main cause of incidents was “Unknown” (43%), followed by “Poor working practice” (24%), and then by “Accident” (10%) and “Other” (10%). In Hokuriku, however, the main cause of incidents was “Poor working practice” (36%), which is greater than “Unknown” (30%). Finally, waterworks (approximately 60%) was the largest of four kinds of water supply infrastructure affected by pollution incidents, followed by simplified waterworks. The population affected by offensive odors and tastes peaked in 1990 and has been decreasing. Overall, the results show the characteristics of incidents from 1996 to 2007, with significant implications for adaptation measures, strategies and policies to reduce water quality incidents.     

Comparison of species sensitivity distributions for species from China and the USA

China has recently commenced water quality criteria (WQC) research using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method; however, it is difficult to obtain sufficient native species toxicity data for thousands of contaminants. In this study, the feasibility of using non-native toxicity data in deriving native WQC was analyzed. We constructed SSDs based on acute toxicity data of species from China and the USA for eight priority pollutants, and compared the sensitivities of different taxonomic groups between the two countries. The results showed that the SSD method of log-logistic distribution fit the toxicity data of different taxa well. The comparison of sensitivity distribution and hazardous concentration for 5 % of the species and 50 % of the species showed that there was no significant difference between Chinese and American taxa. It could be feasible to use toxicity data from the USA to provide a temporary way to protect organisms in China in emergency situations or for management of priority pollutants when native toxicity data are lacking.     

烟气成分对负载V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2聚苯硫醚纤维脱除烟气中Hg~0的影响

通过固定床实验系统模拟烟气脱除Hg0的实验,研究了O2、HCl、NO、SO2、H2O和NH3对滤袋常用的聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维负载V2O5-WO3/TiO2新型催化剂后脱除烟气中Hg0的影响,并分析其影响机理。结果表明,在温度为200℃、高纯N2气氛下,Hg0的脱除率很低,加入4%O2后,脱除率有所增加;0.05‰HCl条件下Hg0的脱除率仅为5%,而0.01‰HCl与4%O2并存的条件下,脱除率明显提高;NO对Hg0的催化氧化促进作用不是很显著;SO2对Hg0氧化具有毒害作用;H2O和NH3可抑制Hg0的脱除,O2的存在可抵消NH3的部分抑制作用。     

2001-2012年天津市大气降水特征及化学成分分析

为了解天津市大气降水特征及化学成分变化规律,对2001-2012年天津市酸雨监测资料进行了统计分析.结果表明:2001-2012年,天津市降水pH在波动中总体升高,但升高趋势不显著;酸雨率则呈显著下降趋势;降水pH从春季到冬季呈直线下降趋势,酸雨率从春季到冬季总体呈上升趋势;2008-2012年,pH在6.0～7.5的降水样本较多,在这区间,平均降水量越大,则降水pH越低,酸性越强,平均电导率和平均降水量则表现出明显负相关,即平均降水量较小时平均电导率较高;2001-2012年,天津市降水中各离子当量浓度(当量浓度=质量浓度×原子价/化学结构式量)所占比例为SOi-＞Ca2+ ＞NH4+ ＞NO3-＞C1-＞Mg2+ ＞Na+ ＞F-＞K+;对天津市降水起主导中和作用的阳离子为Ca2+,贡献率在56.4％～77.9％,贡献率春季最高,夏季最低,NHt的贡献率在28.4％～44.0％,夏季最高,冬季最低;从2001-2012年天津市降水的SO42-、NO3-当量浓度之比的变化来看,该市酸雨类型经历了从硫酸型或燃煤型到混合型的过渡过程.     

膨胀颗粒污泥床处理玉米酒精糟液的生产性试验

通过高温膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)处理玉米酒精糟液的生产性试验研究,证明EGSB处理玉米酒精糟液能够取得很好的处理效果.反应器运行2个月即形成颗粒污泥,成功地实现了反应器的快速启动;启动后反应器运行稳定,COD负荷可达到29kg/(m³·d),去除率在90%以上.本研究不仅解决了废水处理的实际问题,而且带来了显著的经济效益和社会效益.     

改性活性碳毡电吸附污水中的Zn2+

用20%硝酸改性活性碳毡,利用扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱等技术对其改性后的结构进行了表征;利用改性活性碳毡作为吸附电极,进一步研究了其应用于电吸附的除盐效果和影响因素.结果表明,改性后的活性碳毡上的羰基和羧基增多,比表面积增大了32.2%,平均孔径提高了2.5%,微孔体积增大了23.1%.在电压为1.2V,pH值为6~8,极板间距为5mm时电吸附装置对水中Zn²⁺的吸附效果最优,动力学分析表明改性活性碳毡吸附Zn²⁺更符合准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,除此以外,电吸附循环实验表明用20%硝酸为再生液,通过电极反接,改性活性碳毡的再生率> 74%,说明在电吸附Zn²⁺过程中改性活性碳毡具有良好的再生性.