从内蒙古自治区农村牧区居民环境教育试点项目探索农村牧区环境教育的方法

本文通过选定对内蒙古自治区农村牧区具有典型代表性的试验对象 ,全方位开展全民性环保意识的普及教育 ,已在试验区内收到显著的效果 ,从而对进行农村牧区居民环境教育的方式方法进行了有益的探索 ,对全国少数民族、边远地区环境教育工作也具有示范效益     

电晕线加热降低负离子空气净化器臭氧浓度的实验研究

通过实验研究了臭氧浓度与电晕电流、电晕线线径、电晕线加热功率及供电电压间关系。结果表明：臭氧浓度随电晕电流线性增加；随电晕线线径的减小和电晕线表面温度的提高而下降；电晕线加热是降低负离子空气净化器的臭氧浓度的有效途径。     

藻类急性毒性监测中参比毒物的研究

依据藻类生命力强、繁殖快、对环境条件变化反应敏感的特点,在污染源废水监测中日益受到重视,但其质量保证体系还不完善,而参比毒物是生物毒性监测采取的重要质量保证措施,控制毒性监测数据的可信程度,使毒性监测数据实验室间相容可比.通过二氯化汞、叠氮化钠、砷、重铬酸钾、硫酸镉、硝酸铅、敌百虫、乐果8种毒物对斜生栅藻的生长影响(细胞数、光密度)试验研究,确定HgCl2、NaN3、CdSO4都可以作为藻类阳性参比毒物,废水毒性监测结果可采用藻类生长阻碍率和相当于硫酸隔浓度值表示.     

Bioaccumulation and elimination of avermectin B1a in the earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

The acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, and elimination of avermectin B1a (AVM B1a) in earthworm (Eisenia fetida) were investigated in different exposure systems. The LC50 of AVM B1a on earthworms were 24.1 mg/kg and 17.1 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 and 14 days in artificial soil. The LC50 tested by the filter paper for 2 days was 4.63 microg/cm2. The earthworms were cultivated in artificial soil containing 0.6 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg AVM B1a, respectively for bioaccumulation experiments. The AVM B1a residues in earthworms were determined with HPLC-fluorescence method. The results showed that AVM B1a was taken up from the concentrated artificial soil by the earthworms and the steady-state levels were reached after 9-18 days of exposure. On the 18th day, the final concentrations of AVM B1a in the earthworms treated with two different dosages were 107 ng/g and 165 ng/g, respectively; there were not significantly accumulation. About 80.0% and 94.8% of the accumulated AVM B1a were eliminated respectively in two groups within 1 day after they were exposed to AVM B1a-free soil, but a trace amount of AVM B1a was found for a relative long time in earthworms.     

基于电磁感应和位移传感原理的电梯门锁啮合长度检测研究

电梯门锁锁紧元件啮合状态可靠性是确保电梯门系统安全运行的重要保障。针对现有电梯门锁啮合长度检验方法存在的测量精度不足、自动化程度低、通用性不强等问题,提出了一种基于传感器的检测方法。分析了电磁感应开关通断检测原理和接触式位移传感工作原理,在此基础上开发了门锁啮合长度检測装置,并介绍了使用该装置的检验步骤。实测结果表明:该检验方法和检验装置可以实现门锁啮合长度的快速准确检验,数据可重复性高。     

Bioaccumulation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in carp in a water/sediment microcosm: important role of sediment particulate matter and bioturbation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sediments are reservoirs and sources of DDTs to the aquatic ecosystem. However, the role of sediment particulate matter and benthic organisms in...     

识别CO2驱油泄漏风险的环境监测方法学研究

针对CO_2驱油封存技术,我国在环境监测、环境影响评价等领域的环境监管能力建设还处于空白,亟待加强。文章从CO_2泄漏路径分析、环境监测方法的筛选以及环境背景值缺失情况下的监测数据分析方法等三个方面阐述了各环节的主要研究思路。其中重点介绍了"过程分析法"在CO_2泄漏识别中的应用,强调环境背景值不仅是注气前的环境状况,在注气过程中,每个时间点之前的监测数据均可以看作是背景值。为我国制定相关的法律法规提供重要信息和参考依据。     

水生生物水质基准研究中轮虫、水螅、涡虫类受试生物的筛选

轮虫、水螅、涡虫是水生生态系统的重要生物类群。因其对水体污染较敏感,所以对水生生物基准研究有重要意义。依据我国生物区系资料及毒性数据丰度,筛选出8种代表性本土轮虫、水螅、涡虫类生物。参照美国水生生物基准技术指南,搜集、筛选了这8种代表性生物的急性毒性数据,通过数据分析,筛选出对各物种毒性最大的污染物,主要包括重金属、农药、有机锡化物、表面活性剂、吡啶胺类杀菌剂。分析污染物的物种敏感度分布,依据累积概率对代表性生物的物种敏感性进行分类,结果为:萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、绿水螅(Hydra viridissima)、普通水螅(Hydra vulgaris)对重金属铜的累积概率为6.5%、8.5%和10.4%,普通水螅(Hydra vulgaris)对重金属汞的累积概率为6.3%;龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)和四齿腔轮虫(Lecane quadridentata)对五氯酚钠的累积概率为5.1%和7.6%;褐水螅(Hydra oligactis)和绿水螅(Hydra viridissima)对三丁基氧化锡的累积概率为6.9%和13.8%,萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)对氟啶胺的累积概率为6.7%,日本三角涡虫(Dugesia japonica)对四氯化碳、十二烷基苯磺酸钠的累积概率分别为6.7%和7.1%。上述结果表明:萼花臂尾轮虫、绿水螅对重金属铜敏感;普通水螅对重金属铜和汞敏感;龟甲轮虫和四齿腔轮虫对农药敏感;褐水螅和绿水螅对有机锡化物敏感;萼花臂尾轮虫对吡啶胺类杀菌剂敏感;日本三角涡虫对四氯化碳、表面活性剂敏感。这7种代表性生物可作为相关污染物的水生生物基准受试物种。     

Two-year measurements of surface ozone at Dangxiong, a remote highland site in the Tibetan Plateau

Measurements of surface O3 and carbon monoxide(CO) were made from September 2009 to August 2011 at Dangxiong(30.48°N, 91.10°E, 4187 m a.s.l.), a remote highland site in a southern valley of the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains in the Tibetan Plateau, China. The monthly mean O3 mixing ratio ranged from 29.1 to 51.4 ppb, with an average of 38.5 ppb, and the maximum value was observed in May. The average diurnal cycle of O3 concentration showed a minimum in early morning and a maximum in the afternoon, with a broader "high platform" from the late morning to the late afternoon, and resembled that of surface wind speed. The concentration of surface O3 was highly significantly correlated with tropospheric column O3 over the regions surrounding Dangxiong and with that of surface O3 observed at a site north of the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains, suggesting a good regional representativeness of surface O3 at Dangxiong. In the afternoon when stronger winds blew, surface air showed distinct features of free-atmospheric air, with higher O3, lower CO, and lower relative humidity(RH). The negative O3–CO and O3–RH correlations in most months indicate a significant influence of air masses from the free troposphere. Trajectory analysis suggests that air masses originating from the south of the site make a negative net contribution to surface O3 and a positive contribution to CO and humidity, and those from the northwest sector contribute conversely to the respective quantities.     

从新疆煤炭产业布局看我国主体功能区规划实施

新疆经济发展对煤炭资源依赖程度愈发强烈,在限制开发区大力发展煤炭矿区及煤电化,不可避免地使资源环境承载压力加剧,使主体功能区规划实施效果大打折扣。在这一背景下,为了促进主体功能区规划在我国经济发展中发挥更有效的作用,本文从新疆煤炭产业布局入手,分析主体功能区规划实施中的问题,并提出改进建议。