磷石膏对麦田CO2排放和小麦产量的影响及其经济环境效益分析

磷石膏是一种可以利用的磷化工废渣,本文以磷石膏为麦田温室气体减排剂,研究磷石膏对小麦生长、麦田温室气体二氧化碳(CO2)排放的影响,并分析磷石膏资源化利用的经济环境效益.结果表明,在常规施肥条件下,增施磷石膏2 100kg·hm-2能显著促进小麦生长,增产达37.71%.磷石膏对麦田CO2的减排作用在小麦生长的各个时期有所不同:施用磷石膏1 050 kg·hm-2处理,在小麦生长拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期对麦田CO2的减排效果较为明显,相比对照分别减少8%、10%和6%;在整个小麦生长季累计减少CO2排放3%;施用磷石膏2 100 kg·hm-2处理,在小麦越冬返青期、拔节期和抽穗期,相比对照减少CO2排放11%、4%和12%,在小麦生长季累计减少CO2排放7%.磷石膏施用量较大的处理对CO2的抑制和减排效果较好.研究还表明在施用磷石膏的情况下,一定范围内,CO2的排放强度(单位鲜重CO2排放与单位产量CO2排放)与小麦穗长、鲜重和产量呈现显著负相关:即穗长越长,鲜重和产量越大,CO2的排放效率越低.在碳交易背景下,磷石膏资源化利用具有较高的经济和环境效益,主要体现在:与对照相比,投入/产出从1∶8.3变为1∶10.7,即在相同投入的情况下可提高28.92%的产出;每吨磷石膏作为麦田温室气体减排剂,可节省治理环境的费用与增产总额合计约290元.废渣磷石膏资源化利用,不仅可以减少环境污染、促进小麦生长,而且可以减少CO2排放,对发展低碳农业、生态农业以及可持续发展农业具有重要应用价值.     

How application of agricultural waste can enhance soil health in soils acidified by tea cultivation: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Tea is one of the world’s most consumed beverages and an important crop of many developing countries. Intensive tea cultivation has negative impacts on soil...     

Nitrogen deposition threatens species richness of grasslands across Europe

Evidence from an international survey in the Atlantic biogeographic region of Europe indicates that chronic nitrogen deposition is reducing plant species richness in acid grasslands. Across the deposition gradient in this region (2-44 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) species richness showed a curvilinear response, with greatest reductions in species richness when deposition increased from low levels. This has important implications for conservation policies, suggesting that to protect the most sensitive grasslands resources should be focussed where deposition is currently low. Soil pH is also an important driver of species richness indicating that the acidifying effect of nitrogen deposition may be contributing to species richness reductions. The results of this survey suggest that the impacts of nitrogen deposition can be observed over a large geographical range.     

Monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms contamination during heat drying process of sewage sludge

The sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant is a potential source of infectious organism. The number and type of pathogens in sludge depends on various factors namely, the wastewater source, the type of treatment plant, and other environmental factors such as the biological medium offered by the sewage sludge. The principal sludge-borne diseases are presented followed by discussion on biological aspect of growth and occurrence. The overall objective of this work is to estimate kinetic reduction of pathogen population in sludge during different thermal-drying process including: the agitated conductive drying, drum drying, solar drying, and fry-drying. The temperature curves were reported from literature except frying data which were determined in experiment. In order to apply the temperature influence on pathogens population, kinetic parameters for the thermal inactivation (D, z-values) were chosen from literature. Values of concentrations of each pathogen were also extracted from scientific review of pathogens in bio-solids. This study conducted to resolve the survival kinetic of Hepatitis A viruses. The result showed that a concentration of 7 × 10⁴ cfu/100 ml initially present in the sewage sludge is significantly reduced during the heat drying processes except the solar plant. The sewage sludge is completely disinfected when heated for 20 min, 10 min, and 10 s, respectively, during the agitated conductive process, vacuum fry-drying, and drum drying process.     

Socialist hydropower governances compared: dams and resettlement as experienced by Dai and Thai societies from the Sino-Vietnamese borderlands

Regional Environmental Change - Research on hydropower development has shown that a diversity of social and environmental impacts of dams is distributed unevenly among various state and corporate...     

TiO2/β-SiC foam-structured photoreactor for continuous wastewater treatment

Introduction

This study of photocatalytic degradation of wastewater was carried out in alveolar cell ??-SiC foam-structured photocatalytic reactors working in a recirculation mode. The immobilization of TiO2 on ??-SiC foams was efficiently obtained through a sol?Cgel technique in acidic conditions.

Discussion

In order to optimize degradation yields obtained by the foam-structured prototype reactor for the photocatalytic water treatment, the operating conditions of the photoreactor have been investigated and the efficiency of the process was evaluated by measuring the photocatalytic degradation of Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea)) under UV irradiation. Kinetic studies were carried out by investigating the influence of different parameters controlling the reaction (TiO2 loading and ??-SiC foam cell size). The ageing of TiO2/??-SiC foam photocatalytic materials and the mineralization (TOC, Cl?, NO3? and NH4+) of Diuron were investigated.     

Microbial biotransformation of furosemide for environmental risk assessment: identification of metabolites and toxicological evaluation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Some widely prescribed drugs are sparsely metabolized and end up in the environment. They can thus be a focal point of ecotoxicity, either themselves...     

用LC-MS/MS方法筛查饮用水矿泉水和环境水中PPT级的165种农药

如今水环境中有机污染物对环境的影响已经远远超过以往.农业中广泛使用的农药往往会造成残留而污染土壤和地表水.目前,大多数水源都受到农药的污染,却仍然用于生产饮用水.     

Zinc,lead, and cadmium tolerance and accumulation in Cistus libanotis,Cistus albidus,and Cistus salviifolius: Perspectives on phytoremediation

Heavy metal contamination is of particular concern for human health and the environment. Phytoremediation is an emerging cost‐effective strategy to remediate heavy metal contaminated soil. However, this technique is limited by the small number of plants that are tolerant to heavy metals and are also accumulators. This study assayed zinc, lead, and cadmium tolerance and accumulation in Cistus libanotis, Cistus albidus, and Cistus salviifolius. The plants were cultivated in hydroponic conditions and exposed to different concentrations of Pb(NO₃)₂ (100 and 200 µM), ZnSO₄ (100 and 200 µM), or CdCl₂ (10 and 20 µM) for 3 weeks. Plant biomass and metal accumulation in roots and aboveground parts varied greatly among the species. All three species appeared to be sensitive to Zn. However, C. albidus displayed strong tolerance to Pb and accumulated large quantities of Pb and Cd in its roots. C. libanotis accumulated large quantities of Pb and Cd in its aboveground parts. C. libanotis can thus be classified as a Pb and Cd accumulator species. The study results show that C. albidus is suitable for phytostabilization of Pb‐contaminated soils, while C. libanotis can be used for phytoextraction of both Pb and Cd.