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51.
Técher Didier Berthier Emmanuel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(8):19705-19724
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Stormwater mitigation efficiency of bioretention systems relies for a large part on their capacity to infiltrate rapidly received runoff. Within this... 相似文献
52.
Estimating risks of groundwater contamination often require schemes for representing and propagating uncertainties relative to model input parameters. The most popular method is the Monte Carlo method whereby cumulative probability distributions are randomly sampled in an iterative fashion. The shortcoming of the approach, however, arises when probability distributions are arbitrarily selected in situations where available information is incomplete or imprecise. In such situations, alternative modes of information representation can be used, for example the nested intervals known as “possibility distributions”. In practical situations of groundwater risk assessment, it is common that certain model parameters may be represented by single probability distributions (representing variability) because there are data to justify these distributions, while others are more faithfully represented by possibility distributions (representing imprecision) due to the partial nature of available information. This paper applies two recent methods, designed for the joint-propagation of variability and imprecision, to a groundwater contamination risk assessment. Results of the joint-propagation methods are compared to those obtained using both interval analysis and the Monte Carlo method with a hypothesis of stochastic independence between model parameters. The two joint-propagation methods provide results in the form of families of cumulative distributions of the probability of exceeding a certain value of groundwater concentration. These families are delimited by an upper cumulative distribution and a lower distribution respectively called Plausibility and Belief after evidence theory. Slight differences between the results of the two joint-propagation methods are explained by the different assumptions regarding parameter dependencies. Results highlight the point that non-conservative results may be obtained if single cumulative probability distributions are arbitrarily selected for model parameters in the face of imprecise information and the Monte Carlo method is used under the assumption of stochastic independence. The proposed joint-propagation methods provide upper and lower bounds for the probability of exceeding a tolerance threshold. As this may seem impractical in a risk-management context, it is proposed to introduce “a-posteriori subjectivity” (as opposed to the “a-priori subjectivity” introduced by the arbitrary selection of single probability distributions) by defining a single indicator of evidence as a weighted average of Plausibility and Belief, with weights to be defined according to the specific context. 相似文献
53.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxins are lipophilic organic pollutants occurring widely in the terrestrial environment. In order to study the PAHs and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) transfer in the food chain, pigs have been fed with milk mixed either with 14C-phenanthrene, with 14C-benzo[a]pyrene or with 14C-TCDD. The analysis of portal and arterial blood radioactivity showed that both PAHs and TCDD were absorbed with a maximum concentration at 4-6 h after milk ingestion. Then, the blood radioactivity decreased to reach background levels 24 h after milk ingestion. Furthermore, the portal and arterial blood radioactivities were higher for phenanthrene (even if the injected load was the lowest) than these of benzo[a]pyrene or these of TCDD, in agreement with their lipophilicity and water solubility difference. Main 14C absorption occurred during the 1-3 h time period after ingestion for 14C-phenanthrene and during the 3-6 h time period for 14C-benzo[a]pyrene and for 14C-TCDD. 14C portal absorption rate was high for 14C-phenanthrene (95%), it was close to 33% for 14C-benzo[a]pyrene and very low for 14C-TCDD (9%). These results indicate that the three studied molecules have a quite different behaviour during digestion and absorption. Phenanthrene is greatly absorbed and its absorption occurs via the blood system, whereas benzo[a]pyrene and TCDD are partly and weakly absorbed respectively. However these two molecules are mainly absorbed via the portal vein. 相似文献
54.
Bouyahya Asmaa Sembo-Backonly Berthe-Sandra Favrelle-Huret Audrey Balieu Sébastien Guillen Frédéric Mesnage Valérie Karakasyan-Dia Carole Lahcini Mohammed Le Cerf Didier Gouhier Géraldine 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):271-283
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We developed a new hybrid material resulting from an innovative supramolecular tripartite association between an ionic liquid covalently immobilized... 相似文献
55.
Sylvie Tambutté Eric Tambutté Didier Zoccola Natacha Caminiti Severine Lotto Aurélie Moya Denis Allemand Jess Adkins 《Marine Biology》2007,151(1):71-83
In zooxanthellate corals, the photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide and the precipitation of CaCO3 are intimately linked both spatially and temporally making it difficult to study carbon transport mechanisms involved in each
pathway. When studying Tubastrea aurea, a coral devoid of zooxanthellae, we can focus on carbon transport mechanisms involved only in the calcification process.
We performed this study to characterize T. aurea carbonic anhydrase and to determine its role in the calcification process. We have shown that inhibition of tissular carbonic
anhydrase activity affects the calcification rate. We have measured the activity of this enzyme both in the tissues and in
the organix matrix extracted from the skeleton. Our results indicate that organic matrix proteins, which are synthesized by
the calcifying tissues, are not only structural proteins, but they also play a crucial catalytic role by eliminating the kinetic
barrier to interconversion of inorganic carbon at the calcification site. By immunochemistry we have demonstrated the presence
of a protein both in the tissues and in the organic matrix, which shares common features with prokaryotic carbonic anhydrases. 相似文献
56.
Christian Dagenais Laurence Plouffe Charles Gagné Georges Toulouse Andrée-Anne Breault Didier Dupont 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):50-59
A knowledge transfer (KT) strategy was implemented by the IRSST, an occupational health and safety research institute established in Québec (Canada), to improve the prevention of psychological and musculoskeletal problems among 911 emergency call centre agents. An evaluability assessment was conducted in which each aspect of the KT approach was documented systematically to determine whether the strategy had the potential to be evaluated in terms of its impact on the targeted population. A review of the literature on KT in occupational health and safety and on the evaluation of such KT programmes, along with the development of a logic model based on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, indicated that the KT strategy was likely to have had a positive impact in the 911 emergency call centre sector. Implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
57.
Yves-Marie Bozec Michel Kulbicki Francis Laloë Gérard Mou-Tham Didier Gascuel 《Marine Biology》2011,158(5):969-981
Detection patterns of coral reef fish were assessed from the meta-analysis of distance sampling surveys performed by visual
census in New Caledonia and French Polynesia, from 1986 to 1999. From approximately 100,000 observations relating to 593 species,
the frequency distributions of fish detection distances perpendicular to the transect line were compared according to species
characteristics and sampling conditions. The shape and extension of these detection profiles varied markedly with fish size,
shyness, and crypticity, indicating strong differences of detectability across species. Detection of very small and cryptic
fish decreased strongly 1 m away from the line. Conversely, sightings of shy and large species were excessively low in the
first meters due to diver avoidance prior to detection. The larger the fish, the greater the fleeing distance. Distance data
underscore how inconsistent detectability biases across species and sites can affect the accuracy of visual censuses when
assessing coral reef fish populations. 相似文献
58.
Franois Laurent Wolfram Anker Didier Graillot 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(1):123-134
ABSTRACT: A method for water resources protection based on spatial variability of vulnerability is proposed. The vulnerability of a water resource is defined as the risk that the resource will become contaminated if a pollutant is placed on the surface at one point as compared to another. A spatial modelling method is defined in this paper to estimate a travel time between any point of a catchment and a resource (river or well). This method is based on spatial analysis tools integrated in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The method is illustrated by an application to an area of Massif Central (France) where three different types of flow appear: surface flow, shallow subsurface flow, and permanent ground water flow (baseflow). The proposed method gives results similar to classical methods of estimation of travel time. The contribution of GIS is to improve the mapping of vulnerability by taking the spatial variability of physical phenomena into account. 相似文献
59.
Connan O Tessier E Maro D Amouroux D Hébert D Rozet M Voiseux C Solier L 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(7):1102-1110
This study presents an original work on measurements of stable and radioactive iodinated species in the Seine estuary (France), with estimates fluxes of volatile gaseous species from water to the atmosphere. Various iodinated compounds were identified in water and air in particular 131I in water, what is unusual. Concentrations and behaviour of iodinated elements in the Seine estuary seem similar to what has been observed in other European estuaries. MeI (Methyl Iodide) and Total Volatile Iodine (TVI) fluxes from water to air vary between 392 and 13949 pmol m(-2) d(-1) and between 1279 and 16484 pmol m(-2) d(-1), respectively. Water to air flux of TVI for the Seine river was estimated in the range 4-46 kg y(-1). Measurements of (131)I in water varying between 0.4 and 11.9 Bq m(-3). Fluxes of (131)I from water to atmosphere are in the range 2.4 x 10(5)-1.3 x 10(7)Bq y(-1), close to an annual discharge of (131)I by a nuclear reactor. 相似文献
60.
In the present work we describe the photocatalytic degradation of methylbutandioic acid (MBA), focusing particularly on adsorption of the MBA on TiO2 surface. We observe a very fast surface carboxylate formation, a decrease of the surface carboxylates during the reaction and an apparent zero order kinetic for the degradation of MBA. We conclude that the main way of MBA degradation is its reaction in the solution, and not on the surface of TiO2. The influence of the surface carboxylates on the efficiency of the catalyser is under study. 相似文献