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Jennifer Neumann Magdalena Pawlik Dieter Bryniok Jorg Thöming Stefan Stolte 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9495-9505
Biodegradation tests with bacteria from activated sludge revealed the probable persistence of cyano-based ionic liquid anions when these leave waste water treatment plants. A possible biological treatment using bacteria capable of biodegrading similar compounds, namely cyanide and cyano-complexes, was therefore examined. With these bacteria from the genera Cupriavidus, the ionic liquid anions B(CN)4 ?, C(CN)3 ?, N(CN)2 ? combined with alkaline cations were tested in different growth media using ion chromatography for the examination of their primary biodegradability. However, no enhanced biodegradability of the tested cyano-based ionic liquids was observed. Therefore, an in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis test was additionally run showing that all tested ionic liquid (IL) anions can be hydrolysed to their corresponding amides by nitrile hydratase, but not by nitrilase under the experimental conditions. The biological stability of the cyano-based anions is an advantage in technological application, but the occurrence of enzymes that are able to hydrolyse the parent compound gives a new perspective on future cyano-based IL anion treatment. 相似文献
73.
N2O emissions from agricultural soils in the North China Plain:the effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
IntroductionNitrousoxide (N2 O)isaveryimportantgreenhousegasintheatmosphere.InterestintheincreaseofatmosphericN2 OhasbeenrecentlystimulatedbytheunderstandingthatN2 Ogasplaysanimportantroleinthechemistryandozonelayerdestructionofthestratosphere.Theradiativ… 相似文献
74.
Dieter Lorenz 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1981,68(1):1-8
After a discussion of the observed phenomena a short account of the very-long-baseline radio interferometry and the redshift controversy is given. The issue of superluminal velocities in the theory of relativity is clarified and a variety of physical models that have been proposed to account for the observed phenomena are discussed. Finally the data of some superluminal sources and their implications are reviewed. 相似文献
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Microbial degradation of benzene under anaerobic conditions plays an important role in remediation of contaminated sites but the microorganisms and metabolic pathways involved remain poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated degradation of benzene by a methanogenic enrichment culture obtained from non-contaminated lotus field soil, alone and in the presence of several putative metabolic intermediates, that is, toluene, benzoate and phenol. Using stable isotope (13C) labeled substrate, benzene was shown to be degraded almost completely to equimolar concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide, without detectable accumulation of extracellular metabolites. Concurrently, toluene, benzoate and phenol were also effectively mineralized, but probably by microorganisms other than the benzene degraders. The latter included Hasda-A, which is putative benzene-degrading deltaproteobacterium present in the culture. While toluene and benzoate did not affect benzene degradation, phenol had a moderate inhibitory effect although it was not a major metabolic intermediate of benzene in our culture. Finally, 4-hydroxycoumarin was detected as a compound formed from phenol but further experiments are required to elucidate its relationship to degradation of phenol. 相似文献
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A growing awareness of increasing trends in coastal erosion and flooding due to climate change is triggering a demand for the rapid assessment of the potential responses of the coastlines around the world, principally in locations where human occupation is especially endangered. Investigations of present and future physical vulnerability and associated social risk have, therefore, become crucial for coastal management. In order to provide a quick and simple methodology for the identification of vulnerable coastal segments, Sharples (2006) has proposed a mapping methodology, called the smartline approach, which consists of representing, by means of simple lines, a geomorphic classification of the hinterland, backshore and beaches. The aim of this paper is to apply the smartline approach to coastal vulnerability assessment with inclusion of social data. The results show that this methodology is appropriate for the indication of coastal segments with varying degrees of vulnerability to erosion and flooding and for the appraisal of the resulting social risk. 相似文献
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