高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测地表水中13种药物及个人护理品

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测,建立了地表水中13种药物及个人护理品的测定方法。水样用盐酸与氢氧化钠溶液调pH值至7.0左右,过固相萃取小柱进行富集,用14 mL甲醇洗脱。以C18柱为分离柱,0.01%甲酸的甲醇-0.01%甲酸水溶液为流动相,目标物在10 min内分离,在0.50~250 μg/L范围内,13种化合物峰面积与内标物质峰面积之比与质量浓度的线性关系良好(>0.99),检出限在0.05~0.5 ng/L范围内。基质加标实验结果表明,13种化合物在水中的回收率分别在56.2%~123.2%之间(加标水平5 ng/mL)和58.0%~107.8%(加标水平50 ng/mL),相对标准偏差在1.60%~19.9%(n=6)之间。应用该方法测定了从2条纳污河流采集的10份水样,结果表明,除美托诺尔和普洛萘尔未被检出外,其余11药物的检出频率在30%~100%之间。在13种目标物质中,咖啡因的检测浓度最高达287.5 ng/L,舒必利次之,为277.5 ng/L。本方法快速、准确,适用于地表水中PPCPs类的快速测定。     

Simulation of substrate degradation in composting of sewage sludge

To simulate the substrate degradation kinetics of the composting process, this paper develops a mathematical model with a first-order reaction assumption and heat/mass balance equations. A pilot-scale composting test with a mixture of sewage sludge and wheat straw was conducted in an insulated reactor. The BVS (biodegradable volatile solids) degradation process, matrix mass, MC (moisture content), DM (dry matter) and VS (volatile solid) were simulated numerically by the model and experimental data. The numerical simulation offered a method for simulating k (the first-order rate constant) and estimating k₂₀ (the first-order rate constant at 20 °C). After comparison with experimental values, the relative error of the simulation value of the mass of the compost at maturity was 0.22%, MC 2.9%, DM 4.9% and VS 5.2%, which mean that the simulation is a good fit. The k of sewage sludge was simulated, and k₂₀, k_20s (first-order rate coefficient of slow fraction of BVS at 20 °C) of the sewage sludge were estimated as 0.082 and 0.015 d^?1, respectively.     

High heterogeneity of bacterioplankton community shaped by spatially structured environmental factors in West Lake,a typical urban lake in eastern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Elucidating the bacterioplankton spatial distribution patterns and its determinants is a central topic in ecological research. However, research on...     

岷江干流（成都段）水体污染防治对策研究

本文通过对岷江干流（成都段）地表水和地下水的综合研究，分别提出了地表水污染防治对策和地下水水质防护措施，划分出了地表水防治不同时期的目标以及地下水开采管理目标。     

风险评价指数矩阵方法的研究和应用

对风险评估技术常用的几种风险分析方法进行分析、比较,指出风险评价指数(RAC)矩阵风险分析方法更适合石油环境和油田现场,并应用这种方法对某油田进行风险评价分析.     

味精废水中重金属及金属污染对处理利用的影响

本文应用等离子光谱（ＩＣＰ）测试三个厂家味精生产废水中２１种金属元素的水平，其中金属元素的总水平分别达１９１９２ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１，３１９０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１和３１６１ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１，对照国内外有关的四项水质标准，三厂家味精生产废水中存在着Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ等多种重金属或其他金属元素严重超标现象，味精生产废水对青芋存在急性毒性，２４，４８，７２和９６ｈ的半致死味精废水浓度ＬＣ５０分别为６．９％，３．２％，２．５％     

多氯苯生产中有机氯化物的分析

在气相色谱和色谱-质谱分析的基础上,对以六六六为原料生产多氯苯的两种工艺的产品及废渣进行了分析。结果表明:伴随多氯苯的生成,尚有多种氯化物产生。在水解生产工艺中,产品和废渣中有微量PCDDs和PCDFs,但产品中还有少量PCBs。在热解工艺中,废渣内发现大量的PCBs,PCDDs和PCDFs,最毒的异构体,2,3,7,8-TCDD含量高达24ppm。     

浙江墩头盆地横山组孢粉化石的发现及其地层意义

浙江墩头盆地红色岩层中上部首获丰富的以Cassopllis为主(58.39—62.54％)伴有Exesipollenites(15.21—15.84％),Hsuisporites(0.56—0.62％),Cicatricosisporites(0—0.31％)等孢粉化石。该孢粉组合特征既与国内外晚侏罗世孢粉组合面貌差别较大,又与早白垩世中晚期孢粉组合面貌存在明显差异,显示了早白垩世早期孢粉组合的色彩。笔者认为这套红色岩层应归早白垩世早期横山组为宜。     

Partition coefficients of organochlorine pesticides on soil and on the dissolved organic matter in water

The partition coefficients of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) between the organic matter of Taichung soil and water (K_oc) were evaluated with batch-type experiments. The partition coefficients of OCPs between Aldrich humic acid and water (K_doc) were estimated with solubility enhancement method as well. In this study, the K_ocs of aldrin, heptachlor, and p,p′-DDT are greater than their K_docs, and the relationship of dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide are opposite. The variations of partition coefficients are discussed. For predicting K_doc, a log-log regression relationship of K_doc and K_ow is determined.     

Lead biosorption and desorption by intact and pretreated spirulina maxima biomass

In order to search for locally available and untried biomaterials in China with high removal capacity of heavy metals from wastewater, the feasibility of Spirulina maxima as biosorbent for lead removal and recovery from aqueous solution was investigated. The lead biosorption was studied by using intact biomass and pretreated biomass of S. maxima. The effects of operational conditions (e.g. pH, contact time, biomass concentration etc.) on lead biosorption were investigated. The biosorption was solution pH dependent and the maximum adsorption was obtained at a solution pH of about 5.5. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 60 min. The biosorption followed the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum removal ratios of lead were about 84% in intact biomass and 92% in pretreated biomass. The lead adsorbed could be desorbed effectively by 0.1 M nitric acid, EDTA and hydrochloric acid. The results in this study indicated that pretreated biomass of S. maxima was a promising candidate for removing lead from wastewater.