广西都安县耕地土壤重金属污染风险评价

为全面了解广西都安瑶族自治县耕地土壤重金属污染特征和生态风险状况,通过实地调查采样及土壤重金属含量分析,利用单因子指数、内梅罗综合指数、Hakanson潜在生态危害指数对都安县耕地土壤中Cd、As、Ni、Zn、Cr、Sb、Cu、Pb这8种重金属进行污染和生态风险评价.结果表明,都安县耕地土壤重金属总体污染严重,74.6%的耕地土壤点位超标,Cd、As、Ni、Zn、Cr、Sb、Cu、Pb的超标率依次为70.6%、42.9%、34.9%、19.8%、19.6%、2.94%、1.59%、0.79%,其中Cd和As超标率远远超过全国和广西水平,是都安县主要的污染元素.都安县耕地土壤总体呈现"中度"生态风险,其中Cd对生态风险贡献率达到88%;九渡乡东南部和保安乡与东庙乡结合部存在高生态风险.都安县耕地土壤重金属污染来自两个主要污染源,其中刁江流域两岸受污灌耕地土壤中As、Sb污染可能主要来源于刁江上游的矿业活动.     

利用酒糟生产饲料蛋白的菌种选育

为了提高酒糟蛋白质的含量和粗纤维的降解,本研究选菌种３０株,以白酒糟为原料筛选出优质饲料蛋白菌株８５０２,８５０３和８５０５三株。用微生物液体发酵法,经研究发现,以８５０３和８５０５组成的多菌发酵体系,使酒糟初始蛋白含量由２３．０％。     

Optimization of C/N ratio for preparation of protein-rich and multi-enzymes feed thallus through synergic fermentation of mixed distillers'grains

A new procedure of determining optimal C/N (the rate of carbon source to nitrogen source) of mixed distillers' grains for combined bacteria synergic fermentation is established. At the same time an improved method evaluating bacteria growth, called method of dry cell weighing by filtering is developed. For each combination of C and N , their initial and residual contents before and after fermentation respectively are determined. Then followed the calculation of utilization of C and N sources by the compound bacteria. The optimal C/N is finally located from among the utilization of C and N of several combinations and the weight of produced mass of oven-dried thallus The conditions of fermentation are: inoculum size 10%, temperature 30.0℃, rotational speed 170 r/min, shake culture time 48h. The best results obtained from orthogonal experiments are: maximum mass of oven dried thallus is 14.693g in a liter liquid medium, maximum utilization rate of carbon source is 98.13% and maximum utilization rate of nitrogen is 78.14%. Optimal C/N is 5.1.     

Relation of lead adsorption on birnessites with different average oxidation states of manganese and release of Mn^2＋/H^＋/K^＋

The characteristics of Pb2+ adsorption on the surface of birnessites with different average oxidation states (AOS) of Mn, synthesized under acidic and alkali conditions, were investigated. The results indicated that the amount of adsorbed Pb2+ increased with the increase of Mn AOS in birnessites. The amount of Pb2+ adsorbed positively correlated with the amount of released Mn2+, H+, and K+ (r = 0.9962 > 0.6614, n = 14, α = 0.01). The released Mn2+, H+, and K+ were derived mostly from the corresponding catio...     

催化剂及其制备对催化湿式氧化反应的影响

催化湿式氧化法是一种有效的处理有毒、有害、高浓度有机废水的水处理技术,文章专门针对催化剂本身的制备对催化湿式氧化的影响,以及催化剂的失活、再生、重复利用等研究做出总结,以期对有关研究者提供一定的参考。     

利用生物操纵与人工湿地技术改善新建大房郢水库水质的实践

2005～2006年,在蓄水初期的大房郢水库采用投放滤食性鱼类鱼种、移殖螺、蚌、浅水区移植沉水植物、上游湿地扩大香蒲生长面积、消落区以上范围栽培杨树林和防护带等生物操纵与人工湿地技术相结合的方法改善水质的研究,结果表明：自2005年以来,该水库未再出现过蓝藻水华,水体富营养化得到了有效控制,水质已基本稳定在中-富营养型水平。由此认为,利用生物操纵与人工湿地技术结合为改善大房郢水库水质发挥了重要作用。     

深圳市餐饮垃圾收运处置规划研究

文章对深圳市餐饮垃圾单独收运处置进行了规划研究,规划年限2006-2020年.通过对深圳市餐饮垃圾的产生、收运处置现状及存在的问题分析,提出了餐饮垃圾的收运模式以及采用厌氧消化制沼气的处置方式.此外,还提出了深圳市餐饮垃圾的管理建设思路.     

中国东北区域本底大气中酸性气体的研究

龙凤山是我国区域本底站之一,NO_X和SO₂浓度远低于我国空气质量Ⅰ级标准。从1994年8月15日到1995年7月31日首次在龙凤山（127°36′E,44°44′N,330.5m）测得空气中NO_X和SO₂。观测到很强的季节变化,其夏季值最低,冬季值最高。NO_S和SO₂浓度和气象要素密切相关,例如风速、温度和相对湿度。基于排放源以及风频的不均一,不同扇区来的空气质量能有很大变化。在SSE－SW扇区出现高浓度SO₂、较高浓度NO_X和高〔SO₂〕/〔NO_X〕,表明该扇区有城市污染物的输送。SW－NNE扇区有高NO_X、低SO₂及低的〔SO₂/〔NO_X〕,表明该方向城市烟羽难以直接影响测点,在这个扇区高NOX来源于当地农民做饭、取暖时秸杆焚烧。低NO_X、SO₂观测在NNE－SSE扇区,这意味着这是最清洁扇区。     

钢铁行业大气环境影响评价方法与建议

按钢铁行业大气环评报告书的结构和顺序,结合HJ 2.2-2008《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》中的相关技术要求,从评价因子、源强、评价等级、大气监测、大气预测、防护距离等方面出发,分析了钢铁行业大气环评中的评价等级确定、大气监测、大气预测等工作中存在的问题,并提出解决方案和建议对策。     

Microbial response to CaCO3 application in an acid soil in southern China

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) application is widely used to ameliorate soil acidification. To counteract soil and bacterial community response to CaCO₃ application in an acidic paddy soil in southern China, a field experiment was conducted with four different dosages of CaCO₃ addition, 0, 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha, respectively. After one seasonal growth of rice, soil physicochemical properties, soil respiration and bacterial communities were investigated. Results showed that soil pH increased accordingly with increasing dose of CaCO₃ addition, and 7.5?tons/ha addition increased soil pH to neutral condition. Moderate dose of CaCO₃ application (4.5?tons/ha) significantly increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) content, enhanced soil respiration, while the excessive CaCO₃ application (7.5?tons/ha) decreased these soil properties. High-throughput sequencing results illustrated that moderate dose of CaCO₃ application increased the richness and alpha diversity of soil bacterial community. Compared with control, the relative abundance of Anaerolineaceae family belonging to Chloroflexi phylum increased by 38.7%, 35.4% and 24.5% under 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha treatments, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil pH was the most important factor shaping soil bacterial community. The results of this study suggest that proper dose of CaCO₃ additions to acid paddy soil in southern China could have positive effects on soil properties and bacterial community.