Source apportionment of ambient PM10 in urban areas of Wuxi, China

A total of 168 PM₁₀ samples were collected during the year of 2005 at eight sites in the city of Wuxi in China. Fifteen chemical elements, three water-soluble ions, total carbon and organic carbon were analyzed. Six source categories were identified and their contributions to ambient PM₁₀ in Wuxi were estimated using a nested chemical mass balance method that reduces the effects of colinearity on the chemical mass balance model. In addition, the concentrations of secondary aerosols, such as secondary organic carbon, sulfate and nitrate, were quantified. The spatially averaged PM₁₀ was high in the spring and winter (123 ??g·m^?3 and low in the summer-fall (90 ??g·m^?3). According to the result of source apportionment, resuspended dust was the largest contributor to ambient PM₁₀, accounting for more than 50% of the PM₁₀ mass. Coal combustion (14.6%) and vehicle exhaust (9.4%) were also significant source categories of ambient PM₁₀. Construction and cement dust, sulfates, secondary organic carbon, and nitrates made contributions ranging between 4.1% and 4.9%. Other source categories such as steel manufacturing dust and soil dust made low contributions to ambient PM₁₀.     

基于VB6.0软件平台的土坝震害评估系统

为了准确、快速地对遭受地震影响的土坝工程的破坏状态进行评估,以土坝震害判断模型为基础,采用VB平台开发了土坝震害评估系统,并介绍了系统开发的总体设计和模式,阐述了系统开发中VB与Excel链接、Excel与Access数据导入等关键技术。     

渤海西岸盐业气象灾害灾损评估方法研究

针对渤海西岸盐业生产中所遭受的暴雨、突发性的雷阵雨、大风(短时)、风暴潮、低温等气象灾害,阐述了其灾损评估的理论依据,全面分析了影响原盐生产的主要气象灾害的各种因素,选取了其合适的气象灾害指标,并进行分级,确定了灾害的评估方法,并建立了灾损评估模型,通过检验,说明其效果良好。     

郯庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动特征及其动力学背景探讨

本文通过对郯庐断裂带江苏段开展的野外调查、深部构造和运动学特征等方面的研究,结合近年来最新的研究成果,对郯庐断裂带江苏段的第四纪活动特征及其动力学背景进行了探讨.邦庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动具有东强西弱、北强南弱的特征;郯庐断裂带第四纪的逆冲活动主要受西太平洋弧后扩张的动力学因素控制;南华北与北华北地块深部构造特征和新构...     

高炉煤气高效曲板脱水装置的试验研究

提出了一种降低机械水含量的新型脱水装置,针对曲板脱水装置内两相流动复杂的问题,在改变结构和运行参数的情况下对曲板脱水装置的性能进行了试验研究,探讨了各影响因素对脱水效率和压力损失的影响。试验结果表明:曲板脱水装置的最佳气流速度为1.75～2.25 m/s,曲板间距为5～7.5 mm,斜板长度为200～250 mm,液气比为0.2～0.25 L/m3,水雾粒径为100～500μm时,可以获得最高脱水效率和最小压力损失。     

高炉煤气中粉尘浓度高精度测量系统的研究

粉尘浓度测量是高炉煤气回收利用时保证燃气轮机安全运行的一个必不可少的环节。深入研究不同因素对测量结果的影响,有助于提高测量装置的精确度。研究了纤维直径、粉尘平均粒径及采样时间等因素对测量误差的影响,结果表明:超细玻璃纤维有更高的粉尘收集效率;能很好地收集粒径在10μm以下的粉尘颗粒;粉尘最佳采样时间为5 min。通过对滤膜和滤筒等速采样装置在不同管道风速下的标准偏差值的计算,验证了该装置测量结果有重复性好的优点。     

Methane emissions from rice fields under continuous straw return in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River

A three-year experiment was conducted in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China to study the influence of continuous wheat straw return during the rice season and continuous rice straw return in wheat on methane (CH 4 ) emissions from rice fields in which, the rice-wheat rotation system is the most dominant planting pattern. The field experiment was initiated in October 2009 and has continued since the wheat-growing season of that year. The analyses for the present study were conducted in the second (2011) and third (2012) rice growing seasons. Four treatments, namely, the continuous return of wheat straw and rice straw in every season (WR), of rice straw but no wheat straw return (R), of wheat straw but no rice straw return (W) and a control with no straw return (CK), were laid out in a randomized split-plot design. The total seasonal CH 4 emissions ranged from 107.4 to 491.7 kg/ha (2011) and 160.3 to 909.6 kg/ha (2012). The increase in CH 4 emissions for treatments WR and W were 289% and 230% in the second year and 185% and 225% in the third year, respectively, in relation to CK. We observed less methane emissions in the treatment R than in CK by 14%-43%, but not statistically significant. Treatment R could increase rice productivity while no more CH 4 emission occurs. The difference in the total CH 4 emissions mainly related to a difference in the methane flux rate during the first 30-35 days after transplant in the rice growing season, which was caused by the amount of dissolved oxygen in paddy water and the amount of reducible soil materials.     

氮修饰木素对土壤生化特性的影响

文章通过氮修饰木素对土壤生化特性影响的研究,旨在探索工业木素资源的高效利用途径。研究结果表明,在培养土壤(总培养期4个月)中直接掺入1%的工业木素,土壤微生物量(C,N)、土壤净N矿化率除培养初期有一定的影响外,在其余时间内几乎没有显著变化,但土壤微生物代谢熵值(qCO2)在大多数培养时间内有明显增加,说明掺入工业木素对土壤微生物的生理状况产生一定的负面作用。与此相对,掺入氮修饰木素对土壤微生物的正常生长没有不利的影响。比较两类氮修饰木素产品(高压和常压工艺产品),常压工艺生产的氮修饰木素的总含氮较低,但该产品在前3个月的氮矿化率高于加高压工艺生产的氮修饰木素。两类氮修饰木素中结合的氮在整个培养过程中都表现出较好的缓释性。上述研究结果为氮修饰木素的生产和农业应用提供了重要的科学基础。     

City Environment Art and Sustainable Development

The development of everthing follows its own law, which does not change at people’s own sweet will. Therefore, we must study the development of things so as to grasp the essence of things in their deep meanings, explore the direction of their de- velopment, and make them better serve the people. As a part of the thought of sustainable development, city environment art will be of active significance to the perfection of the thought and will also be the concrete embodiment of the synthetic index of economic development. Such a thesis, starting from the macroscopic angle, and relying on the leading thought of sustainable development, takes hold of the development trend of city environment art, and explores the various problems that have arisen in city environment in the process of city management by combining thoughts on city planning, so as to guide urban harmonious development theoretically. The present paper expounds on the views comprehensively and, through the synthetic analysis on city planning, city environment, art esthetics and the thought of sustainable development, makes a detailed analysis of the effects of the present rapid city development on city environment.