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411.
分析了认证企业在建立环境目标、指标和管理方案中存在问题,提出了改进对策。 相似文献
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The ecological toxicity of cadmium (Cd, 10 mg kg−1 of dry weight soil) and butachlor (10, 50 and100 mg kg−1 of dry weight soil) in both their single and combined effects on soil urease and phosphatase was studied after 1, 3, 7, 14,
21 and 28 days exposure under controlled conditions in paddy and phaeozem soils. The results showed that Cd reduced the activities
of urease and phosphatase at early incubation time (1–7 days), while the reduction almost disappeared at the end of the incubation.
The effect of Cd on phosphatase was more pronounced than that on urease. The activities of urease and phosphatase were reduced
by butachlor, while urease activity was significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) improved when the concentrations of butachlor were 10 and 50 mg kg−1 at the end of the incubation. When Cd (10 mg kg−1) was combined with butachlor (50 and 100 mg kg−1), the activities of urease and phosphatase became lower than without combination at early incubation time, which indicated
that the toxicity of Cd significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). However, when Cd (10 mg kg−1) was combined with butachlor (10 mg kg−1), the activities of urease and phosphatase became higher than those without combination at the end of the incubation, which
indicated that the toxicity of Cd decreased. It was indicated that the combined effects depended largely on the incubation
time and the concentration ratio of Cd and butachlor. In addition, it was showed that the combined effects of butachlor and
Cd appeared different in paddy from phaeozem, which may be related to the different properties of these soils. 相似文献
416.
城市污泥堆肥过程中气温对堆体温度影响的模拟 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
在静态垛堆肥过程中,气温的变化会对堆体温度造成影响,这对堆肥过程中的堆体温度控制具有重要意义.但迄今为止,对此问题仍缺乏研究.本文引入小波分析方法对气温和堆体温度数据进行去噪和压缩处理,提取出气温波动引起的堆体温度波动信号,然后对气温波动信号和堆体温度波动信号进行分周期拟合,获得一一对应的振幅和相位差.结果表明,对于强制通风静态垛堆肥,气温波动对堆体下层(75cm)的影响最大,最大值为0.186℃,最小值为0.132℃,平均值为0.159℃;对中层(50cm)的影响最小,但随着堆肥进程的持续有增大的趋势;对上层(25cm)影响的最大值为0.105℃,最小值为0.065℃,平均值为0.085℃.从相位差上看,堆体中层(50cm)的相位差始终最大,在堆肥的降温期呈现明显减小的趋势;上层(25cm)的相位差随着堆肥进程的持续有明显增大的趋势;下层(75cm)的相位差在整个堆肥进程中呈缓慢升高的趋势.通过影响强度和相位差综合分析发现,堆体上层物料和下层物料在热量散失过程中可能存在两种不同的热交换机制,即上层物料以稳态热传导和自然对流为主,而下层物料则以非稳态热对流为主. 相似文献
417.
盐沼植物翅碱蓬根际沉积物常见重金属分布及生物可利用性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)根际沉积物中四种常见重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb和cd)的总量次序为Zn〉Pb〉Cu〉Cd,且随潮滩变化明显。重金属总量在根际沉积物中高于非根际沉积物,尤以中潮滩差异最显著。对根际沉积物重金属5种化学形态(交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机态和残渣态)分析发现,Cu、Pb均以残渣态为主,其次为碳酸盐结合态,可交换态为最低;Zn以可交换态为主,其次分别为碳酸盐结合态和残渣态,最低为铁锰氧化物结合态和有机态。基于生物可利用性,上述5种形态可以分为活性态(包括交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机态)和残渣态两大类。研究发现,根际沉积物化学形态转化趋势与元素性质有关,Cu、Pb由活性态向残渣态转化,生物可利用性降低;Zn由残渣态向活性态转化,生物可利用性升高。 相似文献
418.
线路板工业废水处理工程实践 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
阐述了运用分质、分类进行物化和生化的方法处理线路板工业废水的工程实例。运行结果表明,该工艺切实可行,使种类复杂的线路板工业废水处理达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准。 相似文献
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Fanhua Kong Ding Wang Haiwei Yin Iryna Dronova Fan Fei Jiayu Chen Yingxia Pu Manchun Li 《Conservation biology》2021,35(4):1140-1150
Ongoing, rapid urban growth accompanied by habitat fragmentation and loss challenges biodiversity conservation and leads to decreases in ecosystem services. Application of the concept of ecological networks in the preservation and restoration of connections among isolated patches of natural areas is a powerful conservation strategy. However, previous approaches often failed to objectively consider the impacts of complex 3-D city environments on ecological niches. We used airborne lidar-derived information on the 3-D structure of the built environment and vegetation and detailed land use and cover data to characterize habitat quality, niche diversity, and human disturbance and to predict habitat connectivity among 38 identified habitat core areas (HCAs) in Nanjing, China. We used circuit theory and Linkage Mapper to create a landscape resistance layer, simulate habitat connectivity, and identify and prioritize important corridors. We mapped 64 links by using current flow centrality to evaluate each HCA's contribution and the links that facilitate intact connectivity. Values were highest for HCA links located in the west, south, and northeast of the study area, where natural forests with complex 3-D structures predominate. Two smaller HCA areas had high centrality scores relative to their extents, which means they could act as important stepping stones in connectivity planning. The mapped pinch-point regions had narrow and fragile links among the HCAs, suggesting they require special protection. The barriers with the highest impact scores were mainly located at the HCA connections to Purple Mountain and, based on these high scores, are more likely to indicate important locations that can be restored to improve potential connections. Our novel framework allowed us to sufficiently convey spatially explicit information to identify targets for habitat restoration and potential pathways for species movement and dispersal. Such information is critical for assessing existing or potential habitats and corridors and developing strategic plans to balance habitat conservation and other land uses based on scientifically informed connectivity planning and implementation. 相似文献