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571.
滇池沉积物有机磷形态分级特征 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
考察沉积物磷对湖泊富营养化贡献时,大量研究涉足无机磷,对有机磷的研究十分薄弱.针对滇池的33个沉积物样品,采用有机磷分级提取方法,将沉积物有机磷分为活性磷、中等活性磷、非活性磷等三种具有不同稳定性的有机磷.结果表明:排除滇池西北部外源污染严重的样品后,沉积物有机磷与总磷有自北向南逐渐降低的变化趋势,有机质与总磷、活性有机磷、中等活性有机磷以及非活性有机磷都表现出了显著相关关系.沉积物活性有机磷和中等活性有机磷与NaHCO3提取无机磷均显著相关,说明二者具有潜在的生物有效性. 相似文献
572.
环境浓度抗生素选择性压力改变活性污泥微生物群落结构 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为探究环境浓度抗生素(5μg·L~(-1)和50μg·L~(-1))选择性压力下活性污泥微生物的性能变化,选择四环素及磺胺甲噁唑2种高频检出的抗生素作为研究对象,分别考察2种抗生素单一和复合作用下对序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中废水处理效能、微生物活性及群落结构的影响。结果表明,与不添加抗生素的空白对照组相比,2种抗生素在50μg·L~(-1)和5μg·L~(-1)暴露浓度下,经过60 d运行,COD和NH+4-N去除效果未受明显影响(P0.05),微生物的活菌比变化不显著(P0.05),ATP含量显著降低(P0.05)。在微生物群落结构方面,革兰氏阳性菌增加,革兰氏阴性菌减少,原生动物含量减少,香农-威尔生物多样性指数下降。添加抗生素的样品中微生物优势菌群由变形菌门变为放线菌门,放线菌含量(均高于45%),高于空白对照组(30.72%);放线菌门的Micropruina属所占比例最高(24%),且高于空白对照组(18.77%)。抗生素选择性压力可改变活性污泥微生物的活性及群落结构,但长期作用下对污水处理效能及抗生素抗性基因传播的影响还需要进一步研究。 相似文献
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Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in a municipal wastewater treatment plant: mass balance and removal processes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Occurrence and removal efficiencies of fifteen pharmaceuticals were investigated in a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant in Michigan. Concentrations of these pharmaceuticals were determined in both wastewater and sludge phases by a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. Detailed mass balance analysis was conducted during the whole treatment process to evaluate the contributing processes for pharmaceutical removal. Among the pharmaceuticals studied, demeclocycline, sulfamerazine, erythromycin and tylosin were not detected in the wastewater treatment plant influent. Other target pharmaceuticals detected in wastewater were also found in the corresponding sludge phase. The removal efficiencies of chlortetracycline, tetracycline, sulfamerazine, acetaminophen and caffeine were >99%, while doxycycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine and lincomycin exhibited relatively lower removal efficiencies (e.g., <50%). For sulfamethoxazole, the removal efficiency was approximately 90%. Carbamazepine manifested a net increase of mass, i.e. 41% more than the input from the influent. Based on the mass balance analysis, biotransformation is believed to be the predominant process responsible for the removal of pharmaceuticals (22% to 99%), whereas contribution of sorption to sludge was relatively insignificant (7%) for the investigated pharmaceuticals. 相似文献
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577.
Spatial trend and pollution assessment of total mercury and methylmercury pollution in the Pearl River Delta soil, South China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were measured in large number of soil samples collected from areas with different types of land use, different depth in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of South China. THg and MeHg concentrations ranged from 16.7 to 3320 ng g−1 and 0.01 to 1.34 ng g−1, respectively. THg levels are highest in the top 0-20 cm soil layer, and decrease from the surface to bottom layer soil. Spatial variation was observed with different types of land use. Urban parks had the highest concentrations and the other areas tended to decrease in the order of residential areas, industrial areas, vegetable fields, cereal fields, and woodlands. Temporal variation was also noted, and two relatively high THg contamination zones located in the northwestern part of the PRD have significantly expanded over the last two decades. Both THg and MeHg concentrations were correlated significantly with soil organic matter (OM), but not with soil pH. THg pollution status was evaluated using two assessment methods. 相似文献
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579.
Bin Han Yating Liu Yan You Jia Xu Jian Zhou Jiefeng Zhang Can Niu Nan Zhang Fei He Xiao Ding Zhipeng Bai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(20):20194-20204
Assessment of the health risks resulting from exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is limited by the lack of environmental exposure data among different subpopulations. To assess the exposure cancer risk of particulate carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution for the elderly, this study conducted a personal exposure measurement campaign for particulate PAHs in a community of Tianjin, a city in northern China. Personal exposure samples were collected from the elderly in non-heating (August–September, 2009) and heating periods (November–December, 2009), and 12 PAHs individuals were analyzed for risk estimation. Questionnaire and time-activity log were also recorded for each person. The probabilistic risk assessment model was integrated with Toxic Equivalent Factors (TEFs). Considering that the estimation of the applied dose for a given air pollutant is dependent on the inhalation rate, the inhalation rate from both EPA exposure factor book was applied to calculate the carcinogenic risk in this study. Monte Carlo simulation was used as a probabilistic risk assessment model, and risk simulation results indicated that the inhalation-ILCR values for both male and female subjects followed a lognormal distribution with a mean of 4.81?×?10?6 and 4.57?×?10?6, respectively. Furthermore, the 95 % probability lung cancer risks were greater than the USEPA acceptable level of 10?6 for both men and women through the inhalation route, revealing that exposure to PAHs posed an unacceptable potential cancer risk for the elderly in this study. As a result, some measures should be taken to reduce PAHs pollution and the exposure level to decrease the cancer risk for the general population, especially for the elderly. 相似文献
580.