白洋淀的纤毛虫及与水质污染的关系

对白洋淀纤毛虫的种类组成、优势种进行了初步调查，同时对水质进行理化监测，共鉴定出纤毛虫４８种。根据Ｍａｒｓｓｏｎ引出的污水生物体系法分析，白洋淀纤毛虫主要由耐有机污染的种群组成。说明白洋淀主要受有机污染。纤毛虫的种类数与水体中ＴＮ、ＴＰ、ＢＯＤ５有着密切关系。     

经济合理地推行总量控制计划

目前，我国正大力推行排放污染物总量控制计划。本文探讨了如何更经济更合理地实施控制计划，如何以最小的代价实际控制目标。     

大别山超高压变质杂岩的折返

作为世界上规模最大的一个超高压变质带，大别山超高压变质杂岩是扬子板块 与中朝板块在三叠纪碰撞造山的产物，表现为扬子板块呈北北东向斜向俯冲到中朝板块之下。 超高压变质杂岩的折返机制是个复杂的动力学过程，折返速率也随时间推移而变慢。早期阶段 （三叠纪－早侏罗纪）同碰撞期浮力驱动下高压－超高压变质杂岩在俯冲带内沿道冲－韧性剪 切断裂快速挤侵（ｅｘｔｒｕｓｉｏ）到地壳层位，折返速率高达４ｍｍ／年；中期伴随着巨厚造山带山根的 拆沉，上部发生拉张塌陷，使超高压变质杂岩进一步减压，但折返速率缓慢，～(４０)Ａｒ／~(３９)Ａｒ年代学显 示１１７Ｍａ前它们仍处在地壳的较深部；晚期伴随着晚侏罗－早白垩纪花岗质岩浆的上升侵位， 超高压变质杂岩进一步抬升，同时低角度正断层发育，此阶段的折返机制类似于变质核杂岩模 型。整个折返过程中剥蚀一直在起作用。     

含铅,无铅汽油车尾气排出物遗传毒性比较

利用台架试验模拟汽车行驶工况，收集了发动机使用无铅汽油，含铅汽油燃烧后的尾气颗粒物，对其中吸附的有机物进行了提取，并以Ａｍｅｓ试验，中国仓鼠肺细胞体外微核实验等方法，从基因，染色体水平检测了两种颗粒提取的遗传毒性。     

沈阳市大气污染防治对策

本文根据沈阳市的大气污染现状，分析了大气污染形成的原因和特点及影响大气环境质量的主要因素，确定了大气环境质量目标。并提出了近期和２０００年的大气污染防治对策．     

人工神经网络在湖泊富营养化评价中的应用研究

运用人工神经网络技术评价湖泊富营养化程度。详细阐述了神经网络的结构设计，样本生成及学习算法，给出了通过训练得出的网络权和阈值，最后将此神经网络用于１２个湖泊的富营养化评价，取得了较好的评价结果。     

三氯卡班可以影响肾小管上皮细胞的屏障功能

三氯卡班(TCC)是一种被广泛应用于个人护理用品中的广谱型亲脂性杀菌剂,已在多种环境介质和生物体中检出。因其潜在的环境蓄积、生物累积和生物毒性效应,日益受到学者们的关注。借助TCC对NRK-52E(大鼠肾小管上皮细胞)的毒性暴露实验,通过检测细胞活力、以及与跨膜电阻和紧密连接相关的连接黏附分子1(JAM~(-1),junctional adhesion molecule 1)的蛋白表达水平,研究了TCC潜在的肾脏毒性效应。结果显示,10μmol·L~(-1)TCC处理48 h时培养细胞呈现不规则的集落;10μmol·L~(-1)和20μmol·L~(-1)TCC处理NRK-52E 24 h、48 h和72 h后可以显著抑制细胞生长;3.57μmol·L~(-1)TCC(生长抑制的48 hIC20)处理NRK-52E 48 h可以显著抑制细胞间紧密连接蛋白JAM~(-1)的表达量,并降低跨膜电阻,影响肾脏的屏障功能。本研究的结果能够为进一步揭示TCC对动物的毒害机制、评估其对动物的健康风险提供数据支持。     

Competition for electrons between reductive dechlorination and denitrification

It is common that 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) coexists with nitrate or nitrite in industrial wastewaters. In this work, simultaneous reductive dechlorination of TCP and denitrification of nitrate or nitrite competed for electron donor, which led to their mutual inhibition. All inhibitions could be relieved to a certain degree by augmenting an organic electron donor, but the impact of the added electron donor was strongest for TCP. For simultaneous reduction of TCP together with nitrate, TCP’s removal rate value increased 75% and 150%, respectively, when added glucose was increased from 0.4 mmol?L^–1 to 0.5 mmol?L^–1 and to 0.76 mmol?L^–1. For comparison, the removal rate for nitrate increased by only 25% and 114% for the same added glucose. The relationship between their initial biodegradation rates versus their initial concentrations could be represented well with the Monod model, which quantified their half-maximum-rate concentration (K _S value), and K _S values for TCP, nitrate, and nitrite were larger with simultaneous reduction than independent reduction. The increases in K _S are further evidence that competition for the electron donor led to mutual inhibition. For bioremediation of wastewater containing TCP and oxidized nitrogen, both reduction reactions should proceed more rapidly if the oxidized nitrogen is nitrite instead of nitrate and if readily biodegradable electron acceptor is augmented.

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Simulation of dam/levee-break hydrodynamics with a three-dimensional implicit unstructured-mesh finite element model

Dam failures usually cause huge economic and life losses , especially in urban areas where there is a high concentration of inhabitants and economic actors. In order to understand the physical mechanisms of the formation and development of dam-break flooding, lots of efforts have been put into different types of modelling techniques. However, most of existing models are 1D (one-dimensional) or 2D models based on the shallow water equations. In this paper, we present a 3D numerical modelling investigation of dam-break flow hydrodynamics in an open L-shape channel. A newly developed 3D unstructured mesh finite element model is used here. An absorption-like term is introduced to the Navier–Stokes equations in order to control the conditioning of the matrix equation in the numerical solution process and thus improve the stability. A wetting and drying algorithm is used here to allow the free surface height to be treated with a high level of implicitness and stability. The 3D model has been validated by comparing the results with the published experimental data. Good agreement has been achieved at six selected locations. This study shows that the 3D unstructured mesh model is capable of capturing the 3D hydraulic aspects and complicated local flows around structures in simulation of dam-break flows.