中国企业社会责任财务绩效评价模型研究

2003年,英国政府出台了<我们能源的未来-创建低碳经济>能源白皮书,其中首次引入了"低碳经济"的概念,随后越来越多的学者开始探讨这种经济发展模式及其技术和政策的可行性,并展开了一系列实证研究.而在这种新的经济发展趋势下,作为经济主体的企业所要承担的社会责任也就被赋予了新的内窖.那么在向低碳经济转型的过程中,如何对企业的社会责任进行客观、有效的评价将对于企业更好履行其社会责任起到重要作用.基于我国国情,本文通过对低碳经济发展模式下中国企业社会责任财务绩效进行模型研究,提出了在传统指标分析模型基础上进行数据包络分析(DEA)和可持续计量的双重模型修正,以期弥补传统财务绩效模型在企业有效投入分析和动态性评价方面的缺陷和不足.     

环境经济学在中国的最新进展与展望

本文从环境经济学领域的研究角度出发，介绍了环境经济学在中国最新的研究进展，并对环境经济学在中国未来的一段时间内的发展研究做了展望，随着中国全面建设小康社会和公众环境质量需求的提高，环境经济学所关注的内容会更加全面并逐步深化，环境经济学在中国环境管理中的作用也日益显著。     

浅谈我国推行排污许可制度难点及对策

我国排污许可制度推行已有二十余年,但由于在政策设计层面、技术支撑层面及配套保障层面尚有不足之处,排污许可制度在推行过程中遇到很多阻碍,排污许可制度的应用范围、实施效果和改革举措实际落地都还不尽如人意,依然处于难以推广的境地。本文基于对以上各层面存在问题的深入分析,进而指出目前阻碍排污许可制度推行的难点问题及具体成因,其中难点问题主要包括专项法律法规缺失、管理要求落地难、各方权责落实难、多套数据并行、排放标准滞后、部分行业标准缺失、与环境目标未建立响应关系、管理方式落后、数据支撑和人员配备不足等方面。根据前述问题的论证,本文相应提出了推进排污许可制度改革的各项对策措施,并建议排污许可制度应形成上下联动的工作格局,进一步夯实技术支撑基础和完善配套保障措施,以期助力排污许可制度各项改革举措的实际落地,更好地推进排污许可制度的有效实施,建立系统完整、权责清晰、监管有效的管理格局,最终实现排污许可"一证式"管理模式。     

Influence of Al-oxide on pesticide sorption to woody biochars with different surface areas

Biochars’ properties will change after application in soil due to the interactions with soil constituents, which would then impact the performance of biochars as soil amendment. For a better understanding on these interactions, two woody biochars of different surface areas (SA) were physically treated with aluminum oxide (Al-oxide) to investigate its potential influence on biochars’ sorption property. Both the micropore area and mesopore (17～500 Å in diameter) area of the low-SA biochar were enhanced by at least 1.5 times after treatment with Al-oxide, whereas the same treatment did not change the surface characteristics of the high-SA biochar due partly to its well-developed porosity. The enhanced sorption of the pesticide isoproturon to the Al-oxide-treated low-SA biochar was observed and is positively related to the increased mesopore area. The desorption hysteresis of pesticide from the low-SA biochar was strengthened because of more pesticide molecules entrapped in the expanded pores by Al-oxide. However, no obvious change of pesticide sorption to the high-SA biochar after Al-oxide treatment was observed, corresponding to its unchanged porosity. The results suggest that the influence of Al-oxide on the biochars’ sorption property is dependent on their porosity. This study will provide valuable information on the use of biochars for reducing the bioavailability of pesticides.     

Deodorization of pig manure using lignin peroxidase with different electron acceptors

Odor pollution is a big environmental problem caused by large-scale livestock production in China, and developing a practical way to reduce these odors is pressing. In this study, a combination of 0.2–1.0 U/mL lignin peroxidase (LiP) and one of three peroxides (H₂O₂, CaO₂, 2Na₃CO₃·3H₂O₂) was examined for its efficiency in reducing the release of eight chemicals (propionic acid, isobutyric acid, isocaproic acid, isovaleric acid, phenol, p-cresol, indole, and skatole), NH₃, H₂S, and odor intensity from pig manure. The results showed an approximately 90% reduction in p-cresol, 40–60% reduction in odor intensity, 16.5–40% reduction in indolic compounds, and 25–40% reduction in volatile fatty acids. Being the electron acceptors of LiP, 2Na₃CO₃·3H₂O₂ and CaO₂ performed better than H₂O₂ in reducing the concentration of eight chemicals, NH_3, H₂S, and odor intensity from pig manure. The effect of deodorization can last for up to 72 hr.

Implications: In China, one of the major environmental problems caused by confined feeding is odor pollution, which brings a major threat to the sustainability, profitability, and growth of the livestock industry. To couple the LiP with the electron acceptors, a low–cost, simple, and feasible method for odor removal was established in this study. Based on the study results, a practical treatment method was provided for odor pollution and supply the farm operators a more flexible time to dispose treated manure.     

Pollination ecology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eomecon chionantha</Emphasis> Hance (Papaveraceae), an endemic species in China

Eomecon chionantha Hance, the only species in the genus Eomecon, is an angiosperm species endemic to China. Here we investigated the pollination syndrome, pollinator generalization of E. chionantha. Our results showed that the individual flower longevity of E. chionantha was 3–5 days. The flowering phenology of E. chionantha can be divided into five phases. We found significant differences in the pollination efficiency of the different insects visiting E. chionantha with bees and flies being the most efficient pollinators. This, in addition to floral morphology and phenology, suggests that E. chionantha is generalized on bees and flies and possesses an outcrossing, partially self-compatible and pollinator-dependent breeding system.     

Comprehensive Assessment on Tourism Eco-environment of Gansu Province Based on Spatial Data

The article studies tourism eco-environment of 14 cities of Gangsu Province, China, based on GIS with many kinds of multi-subject spatial database, such as remote sensing data, observation data and literature data. The research results were as follows. First, spatial features of 14 cities＇ tourism eco-environment are displayed with five levels of vulnerability respectively. The vulnerability in Gansu becomes worse from Gannan City, located in southern Gansu to Hexi Corridor which lies in northwestern Gansu. Second, the areas of above the middle vulnerability level make up 75% of the total areas of Gansu Province. Third, more than 70% of high-level human and natural tourism resources are in the areas with high vulnerability eco-environment. Fourth, it is crucial to develop comprehensive tourism industry in order to improve the harmonious development between tourism industry and eco-environment in Gansu Province.     

新型悬浮填料澄清池中填料对澄清作用的影响初探

为考察可取代传统二沉池的新型悬浮填料澄清池技术的原理及关键参数,小试试验研究了填料对新型悬浮填料澄清池固液分离过程中附着污泥形成及其絮凝性能的影响,并对填料在澄清中的作用机理进行了探讨。结果表明,当泥水界面上升至填料区后,可以形成较悬浮污泥更加致密稳定的附着污泥区,并形成孔道流,强化了对混合液中污泥颗粒的絮凝效果;填料区可以捕捉去除从悬浮污泥区中“逃逸”的微小污泥絮体,并降低出水浊度,有效地保证了出水水质的稳定性。填料的存在发挥了强大的整流作用,降低了雷诺数Re,提高了弗汝德数Fr,从而改善了污泥絮凝的水力条件,提高了澄清能力。     

一株高效脱硫脱氨氮菌的分离、鉴定及系统发育分析

从运行稳定的能同步脱臭的曝气生物滤池中采集样品,富集分离获得一株能高效脱硫脱氨氮的菌株TS-1。对分离菌株进行形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析,结果表明,该菌株TS-1为革兰氏阳性菌,杆状;菌落在营养琼脂培养基上呈圆形,表面光滑,乳白色半透明;V-P试验阴性,能水解淀粉和明胶,利用柠檬酸盐生长;对菌株进行16S rRNA的PCR扩增,扩增产物测序结果表明分离菌株TS-1与巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）同源性达到99%;以16S rRNA同源性为基础构建了包括24株相关种属细菌在内的系统发育树,在系统发育树中,分离菌株TS1与Bacillus megaterium在同一分支。结合形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析结果,将其初步鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）。在常温（30±2）℃、转速为150 r/min的条件下,处理pH 7、S^2-和NH⁺₄-N分别为80 mg/L和88 mg/L的水样40 h,硫化物和氨氮的脱除率分别为91.8%和96.6%。     

湖岸缓冲带反硝化作用的研究进展

反硝化作用是湖岸缓冲带去除硝酸盐的重要途径。湖岸缓冲带是联系陆地与湖泊生态系的纽带,不仅为许多动植物提供适宜生境,而且通过反硝化作用能去除地下水中的硝酸盐,提高湖泊水质。概述不同检测反硝化速率的方法,并对比各种方法的优点与缺点。阐述反硝化作用的影响因素：厌氧环境、有机碳、湖岸坡度、缓冲带坡度、pH与温度、硝酸盐浓度。介绍反硝化速率模型的研究开发状况。最后,提出了目前国内外反硝化研究中存在的不足及发展方向。