Lead adsorption capacities of different components in natural surface coatings

Pb adsorption capacities of Fe oxide, Mn oxide and organic materials in natural surface coatings (biofilms and associated minerals) collected in three lakes, two ponds and a river in Jilin Province, China and Cayuga Lake in US were studied. A novel extraction technique was employed to remove one or more component(s) from the surface coatings. Pb adsorption to surface coatings before and after extraction was performed to determine the adsorptive properties of the extracted component(s). The statistical analysis of observed Pb adsorption was carried out using nonlinear least squares fitting (NLSF) to estimate the Pb adsorption capacity of each component of surface coatings. For each body of water, the estimated Pb adsorption capacity of Mn oxide( mol Pb/mol Mn) was significantly higher than that of Fe oxide( mol Pb/ mol Fe). The value of estimated adsorption capacities of organic materials with the unit mol Pb per kg COD was similar to or less than that of Fe oxides with the unit mol Pb per mol Fe. Comparison of components of surface coatings in different waters showed that the estimated Pb adsorption capacities of components in surface coatings developed in different natural waters were different,especially for Mn oxides.     

Heavy metals pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province, China

The heavy metals pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province was investigated. 97 feed and manure samples were sampled from 31 farming plants in 10 major cities of Jiangsu. 14 metals, including Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Ba, Co, Sr, Ti, As and Hg, were analyzed after samples acid digestion. The results showed that the most feed samples contained high concentration of metals exceeding National Hygienical Standard for Feeds. Meanwhile, it was found that Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations in animal manures were also high, for example, Cu concentration in a manure sample reached to as much as 1726.3 mg/kg. Heavy metals loading quantities in soil per year were then calculated when metals contaminated organic fertilizers were applied, and its effects on soil environmental qualitv were further evaluated.     

苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用研究

为研究污染物对氮循环中硝化过程的影响,利用摇瓶实验测定了24种苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用. 结果表明,单取代苯化合物对底泥氨氧化活性抑制作用强弱顺序为:-OH>-NO₂>-NH₂>-Cl>-CH₃>-H;取代基的位置对抑制作用有一定的影响,二甲苯对底泥氨氧化活性抑制作用强弱顺序为:间>邻>对,苯二胺也表现为同样的趋势,但不明显;多取代甲基和氨基,随着取代基个数增加对底泥氨氧化抑制作用有增强趋势. 苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用(IC50,μmol·L^-1)与取代基团电负性之和(∑E)有较好的相关关系:lgIC₅₀=14.72-0.91∑E,苯环上取代基团的∑E越大,该化合物对底泥氨氧化作用的抑制越明显.     

干法高炉煤气净化在唐钢一炼铁厂3~#高炉易地大修中的应用

详细介绍了唐钢３＃高炉干法煤气净化系统。该系统与湿式高炉煤气净化系统相比，提高了煤气质量，节能效果显著，具有广泛的推广使用价值。     

陕南水镁石纤维的环境安全性评估

纤维水镁石在动物体内有一定的生物活性,但在人群流行性病学结果上显示的一系列信息如接尘工人只出现低的尘肺患病率,没有矽肺病和Ⅲ期尘肺患者。溶解性试验结果表明：水镁石纤维粉尘极易溶解在有机无机强弱酸、混合酸、有机无机铵盐、缓冲溶液中,也可部分溶于水中,导致其在体内滞留时间短且易于清除。说明水镁石纤维是安全的纤维材料且没有致瘤协同作用,由于矿物的表面/界面特征是除纤维特性以外控制纤维生物活性和危害性的关键因素之一,提出了矿物粉尘环境安全评价分类体系应突破矿物种的局限而深入到表面/界面的水平。     

电化学法综合利用废杜美丝

研究用三乙醇胺电解法从废杜美丝中回收制取铜粉的工艺,铜在阳极电解退除,并以铜粉在形式在极限沉淀回收。实验中确定最佳工艺条件为：铜配离子浓度为０．１５７ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１。游离三乙醇胺浓度为０．６４８ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１,ｐＨ值为７．０,阴极电流密度１４Ａ．ｄｍ＾－２,电妥温度４０℃,在此条件及其基体金属不受腐蚀下制得的铜粉,粒径小于７４μｍ的可达９０％;     

短程硝化反硝化除磷颗粒污泥的同步驯化

本实验对3组同规格SBR反应器分别采用分阶段法(A/O-A/O/A)异步驯化、连续曝气A/OA同步驯化和间歇曝气A/O/A同步驯化的方式运行.以人工配水为进水基质,接种絮状污泥,通过水力选择压颗粒化,探讨了不同运行方式下短程硝化反硝化颗粒污泥的驯化及脱氮除磷特性.结果 表明,在较短曝气时长(140 min)联合较低曝气...     

Comparing dark- and photo-Fenton-like degradation of emerging pollutant over photo-switchable Bi2WO6/CuFe2O4: Investigation on dominant reactive oxidation species

The extensive use of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) poses a threat to human health and the aquatic environment. Here, magnetic p-n Bi₂WO₆/CuFe₂O₄ catalyst was fabricated to efficiently remove TCH. The obtained Bi₂WO₆/CuFe₂O₄ exhibited 92.1% TCH degradation efficiency and 50.7% and 35.1% mineralization performance for TCH and raw secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in a photo-Fenton-like system, respectively. The remarkable performance was attributed to the fact that photogenerated electrons accelerated the Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) conversion for the Fenton-like reaction between Fe(II)/Cu(I) and H₂O₂, thereby generating abundant ?OH for pollutant oxidation. Various environmental factors including H₂O₂ concentration, initial pH, catalyst dosage, TCH concentration and inorganic ions were explored. The reactive oxidation species (ROS) quenching results and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra confirmed that ?O₂^? and ?OH were responsible for the dark and photo-Fenton-like systems, respectively. The degradation mechanisms and pathways of TCH were proposed, and the toxicity of products was evaluated. This work contributes a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst and provides a clear mechanistic explanation for the removal of antibiotic pollutants in environmental remediation.     

FY2 号气象卫星估算地面太阳辐射研究

综合考虑太阳因素、地形因素、地表积雪覆盖情况、云量以及非均质大气对太阳辐射的影响,基于FY2 号静止卫星构建晴空太阳总辐射计算模型,并利用山西省3 个辐射观测站2011 年逐时、逐日、逐月太阳总辐射观测资料对其估算结果进行检验。研究结果显示：逐时误差在±1 MJ·m^-2之间,逐日误差在±5 MJ·m^-2之间,表明模型计算的太阳辐射误差较小,稳定性较好;逐月误差结果显示,三个站模拟值都大于实测值,且误差趋势一致,均表现为冬季误差高于夏季;进一步对模拟值和实测值进行相关性分析,三站线性拟合度均在0.86～0.92 之间,且相关系数均达到显著相关水平,表明模型计算的太阳辐射准确性和精度较高,且在数值拟合上较好地反映了实际的太阳总辐射量,证实该模型应用于FY2 号气象卫星的可行性。     

基于生产工艺的水泥工业项目竣工环保验收监测重点分析研究

基于水泥工业的生产工艺特点,说明新型干法生产时代,水泥生产的主要产污环节及特征污染物,并分析其对生态环境的影响和危害,表明该行业属高能耗、高污染的产能过剩行业.根据建设项目竣工环境保护验收规范要求和工作实践经验,结合生产工艺、特征污染物和污染物总量控制等要求,从废水监测、废气监测、噪声监测等方面阐明水泥行业项目竣工环保验收的侧重点和注意事项,并指出污染防治设施、总量控制等几方面应重点关注的问题.