The Trump administration’s decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement

<正>After years of complex and challenging negotiations,197countries reached a landmark climate agreement during the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change summit in Paris(the 21st Conference of the Parties(COP21)).Under the Paris Agreement,countries announced actions they plan to take to mitigate their greenhouse gas emissions known as Intended Nationally Determined Contributions.Although there is     

济南市大气颗粒物特征及来源的研究

在济南市区设11个点位,在不同季节采集大气颗粒物,其中五个点位用六级串级式采样器采集飘尘样。样品分析了40多种元素、非金属和有机物,并分析了不同粒径中苯并(a)芘含量。应用富集因子计算并提出富集值大干5(EF>5)为污染富集的论点;摸清了济南大气颗粒物的理化特征及粒径分布规律;用化学质量平衡(CMB_7)法探寻了颗粒物来源。     

The Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: seeking linkages for global environmental governance

ABSTRACT

Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South–South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum, seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.     

苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用研究

为研究污染物对氮循环中硝化过程的影响,利用摇瓶实验测定了24种苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用. 结果表明,单取代苯化合物对底泥氨氧化活性抑制作用强弱顺序为:-OH>-NO₂>-NH₂>-Cl>-CH₃>-H;取代基的位置对抑制作用有一定的影响,二甲苯对底泥氨氧化活性抑制作用强弱顺序为:间>邻>对,苯二胺也表现为同样的趋势,但不明显;多取代甲基和氨基,随着取代基个数增加对底泥氨氧化抑制作用有增强趋势. 苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用(IC50,μmol·L^-1)与取代基团电负性之和(∑E)有较好的相关关系:lgIC₅₀=14.72-0.91∑E,苯环上取代基团的∑E越大,该化合物对底泥氨氧化作用的抑制越明显.     

基于生态足迹的中国生态承载力供需平衡分析

以生态承载力供需关系为切入点,应用生态足迹模型,构建生态承载力供需平衡指数(ECCI),以分县为基本单元,系统评价了我国县域尺度生态承载力供需平衡状况。结果表明:①中国生态承载力供需平衡以生态赤字区为主,生态盈余区和生态平衡区为辅。不足1/5的人口分布在约2/3表现为生态平衡或盈余的国土面积上,而4/5的人口集中分布在不足1/3表现为生态赤字的国土面积上;②中国分县生态承载力空间分布呈较明显的不平衡性,大体由东南到西北呈现从严重超载到富富有余的分布态势。中国生态承载力供需已严重失衡,且人口密度大、 流动人口迁入较为集中的沿海城市地区表现尤为突出。随着城市化进程的不断加快,这些地区空间生态不平衡性将更加严重,生态环境问题需引起足够关注。从流域关系来看,应妥善处理上中下游间的关系,把对生态环境的影响以及生态环境的保护摆在重要位置。研究结果可为国家主体功能区规划、 人口发展功能区划提供科学依据和决策支持。     

鄱阳湖表层沉积物有机质和营养盐分布特征

通过历史数据分析及沉积物样品测定,研究了鄱阳湖表层沉积物OM、TN和TP的时空变化特征。结果表明：鄱阳湖表层沉积物中OM(0.420%~3.175%)和TN浓度(0.026%~0.235%)以“五河”尾闾最高,其次是湖心,而TP浓度(0.010%~0.094%)最高值出现在赣江、抚河及信江尾闾,并且均由南向北至长江入湖口呈降低趋势。丰水期“五河”来水量的增加显著提高了湖心及北部湖区沉积物中OM、TN和TP浓度,尤其以北部湖区增加较明显。但南部尾闾区沉积物TN浓度在枯水期明显高于丰水期。1992—2008年鄱阳湖沉积物中OM、TN和TP浓度均呈明显的增加趋势,尤其是OM和TP浓度增幅较大。2008年鄱阳湖沉积物中OM、TN和TP污染水平已经达到或超过富营养化湖泊沉积物的污染水平,与其他四大淡水湖泊相比,尽管鄱阳湖目前水质相对较好,但呈下降趋势,高氮磷营养底质则增大了其富营养化风险。     

云南白秧坪铜银矿床Cu、Ag迁移形式探讨

在野外地质研究的基础上,采用地球化学热力学方法研究了Cu、Ag的迁移形式。研究结果表明,铜在热液中主要以CuCl42-、Cu(H2O)42+、Cu(S2O3)46-、CuS46-、Cu(HS)42-、Cu(SbS3)410-形式迁移;银在热液中主要以AgCl2-、Ag(S2O3)23-、Ag(HS)2-、AgS23-、Ag(SbS3)25-形式迁移。铜银矿床是在含矿热液物理化学条件发生改变的情况下铜银化合物发生解析作用而成。     

西安市大气降水的主要化学组分及其来源

为认识西安市大气降水主要化学组分的现状,对2019年西安市市区和郊区大气降水样品的pH值、电导率、水溶性离子和重金属的质量浓度、湿沉降通量和来源进行了研究.结果表明,西安市冬季大气降水pH、电导率、水溶性离子和重金属浓度均高于其它季节.降水中主要的水溶性离子为Ca²⁺、 NH⁺₄、 SO■和NO^-₃,其之和占总离子浓度的(88.5±2.8)%;市区和郊区主要重金属是Zn和Fe、 Zn和Mn,其之和分别占总金属浓度的(54.0%±3)%和(47.0%±8)%.市区和郊区降水中水溶性离子的湿沉降通量分别为(253.2±58.4)mg·(m²·month)^-1和(241.9±61.1)mg·(m²·month)^-1,呈现出冬季高于其他季节的特点;重金属的湿沉降通量分别为(86.2±37.5)mg·(m²·month)^-1和(88.1±37.4)mg·(m...     

Evaluation of rural wastewater treatment processes in a county of eastern China

With the rapid urbanization and industrialization in China, wastewater treatment in rural areas has become an increasing national concern. The selection of appropriate treatment processes closely based on the actual local status is crucial for the prevention of water quality deterioration in rural areas of China. This study presents a full year survey on the performances of various rural wastewater treatment processes at a county level in eastern China including seven three-chamber septic tanks (ST), five micro-power biological facilities (MP), seven constructed wetlands (CW), three stabilization ponds (SP) and five centralized activated sludge treatment plants (AS). It was found that although ST could remove a notable portion of total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD(Cr)), it was ineffective in reducing nutrients and pathogens. Reliability and stability analyses showed that the centralized AS and decentralized CW processes outperformed the SP and MP processes. There were obvious discrepancies between the mean design concentrations, which ensure that 95% of the effluents meet the discharge standards, and the actual effluent concentrations determined for each process. The expected compliance with the tentatively adopted second-grade discharge standards (GB 18918-2002) was unsatisfactory for most of the water quality parameters examined, indicating an urgent need to design more practical discharge standards for decentralized treatment processes. Based on an overall assessment of reliability, stability and cost-effectiveness, the centralized AS was suitable for densely populated towns while the decentralized CW was suitable for sparsely populated villages.