水相催化芳香氯化物脱氯研究

通过把起相转移作用的聚乙二醇（PEG）链，键合到硅胶上，再将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）络合双金属Pd-Cu后负载其上，制成一种新型双负载双金属催化剂PVP－PdCl2/SiO2-PEG600,以甲酸钠为氢转移试剂，在水相催水芳香氯化物脱氯，当反应温度80℃左右，n(Pd):n(Cu）=2:1，反应介质pH值11．7左右时，具有较高的催化脱卤活性，催化剂不但易于制备，便于分离，且具有良好的重复使用性能，经重复使用六次，转化率仍在70％以上。     

基于综合集成法的江苏省潮间带风电产业可持续发展评价

以2012~2015年江苏省潮间带风电产业数据为基础,结合江苏省潮间带风电产业实际发展情况,建立了江苏省潮间带风电产业可持续发展评价指标体系,对潮间带风电产业可持续发展水平进行了总体评价。利用数据包络分析模型,从投入-产出视角来衡量潮间带风电产业可持续发展效率。得出如下结论:2012~2015年,江苏省潮间带风电产业可持续发展综合水平指数从0.345上升至0.605;可持续发展综合效率平均值为0.916,整体效率处在较高水平。在2012~2013年,存在可持续发展无效、投入过剩和产出不足的情况,2014年后可持续发展效率进入良性发展阶段。根据投入指标的影响力分析,可知经济投入指标对投入产出效率影响最大,而科技创新投入指标影响力最小,还需进一步加强科技投入与人才吸引。     

低压等离子喷涂制备ZrB2-TiC复合涂层 及其烧蚀性能研究

目的探索低压等离子喷涂制备ZrB_2-TiC复合涂层工艺及其烧蚀性能。方法采用喷雾造粒技术制备适用于低压等离子喷涂的ZrB_2-TiC球形粉体,再采用低压等离子喷涂技术在高强石墨基体表面制备ZrB_2-TiC复合涂层。利用氧-乙炔火焰考核涂层的抗烧蚀性能,采用红外测温仪测试烧蚀过程中涂层的表面温度,分别采用扫描电镜、EDS及XRD分析涂层的表截面形貌、元素及物相。结果 ZrB_2-TiC复合涂层呈等离子喷涂层状结构特征,内部孔隙率达到10.8%,涂层与高强石墨之间的结合强度约5.4 MPa。喷涂后涂层产生了ZrTiB4、ZrTiC2新相。涂层经过2000℃氧乙炔烧蚀5min后,保持完整,未出现裂纹及剥落,烧蚀深度仅为2～5μm。结论采用低压等离子喷涂可在石墨表面制备性能优良的ZrB_2-TiC复合涂层,涂层可有效抵御氧乙炔火焰的烧蚀。     

高径比对生活污水好氧颗粒污泥系统的影响

采用3组高径比分别为3：1,4.5：1和6：1的SBR反应器（R1,R2,R3）,以实际生活污水为进水并接种污水处理厂二沉池的回流污泥,研究SBR高径比对生活污水好氧颗粒污泥形成,同步去除碳,氮,磷性能的影响.结果表明,R1,R2,R3分别历时42,35和28d启动成功;颗粒污泥培养成熟后,其平均粒径逐渐趋于稳定,分别可达750,900,1100μm.启动阶段,R1,R2,R3对总氮的去除率分别为66%,61%,62%;颗粒污泥成熟后,R1,R2和R3出水均满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准,总氮去除率分别为79%,85%,91%,总磷去除率分别为91%,93%,94%,COD去除率分别为89%,92%,93%.进一步分析表明,在本试验研究范围内,SBR高径比增大有利于好氧颗粒污泥的形成,且利于增大颗粒粒径,进而提高沉淀性能和同步去除碳,氮,磷的性能.     

A giant spider from the Jurassic of China reveals greater diversity of the orbicularian stem group

A large female spider, Nephila jurassica, was described from Middle Jurassic strata of north-east China and placed in the modern genus Nephila (family Nephilidae) on the basis of many morphological similarities, but, as with many ancient fossils, the single specimen lacked synapomorphies of the family (Selden et al. 2011). In order to test the placement within the nephilid phylogenetic tree, Kuntner et al. (2013) calibrated the molecular phylogeny using N. jurassica in three different scenarios based on inferred mitochondrial substitution rates. They concluded that N. jurassica fitted better as a stem orbicularian than a nephilid. Now, a giant male spider has been discovered at the same locality that yielded N. jurassica. The two sexes are considered conspecific based on their similar morphological features, size, and provenance. The male cannot be accommodated in Nephilidae because of its pedipalp morphology, so the new genus Mongolarachne and family Mongolarachnidae are erected for the species. Comparison with possibly related families show that Mongolarachnidae is most likely on the orbicularian stem, close to other cribellate orbicularians (e.g., Deinopoidea), which suggests a greater diversity of cribellate orbicularians during the Middle Jurassic.     

Removal of nitric oxide from simulated flue gas via denitrification in a hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor

A hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor(HMBR) was studied for its ability to treat nitric oxide(NO) from simulated flue gas. The HMBR was operated for 9 months and showed a maximum elimination capacity of 702 mg NO/(m2·day) with a removal efciency of 86%(gas residence time of 30 sec, inlet NO concentration of 2680 mg/m3, pH 8). Varying operation parameters were tested to determine the stability and response of the HMBR. Both the inlet NO concentration and gas residence time influenced the removal of NO in the HMBR. NO elimination capacity increased with an increase in inlet NO concentration or a shortening of gas residence time. Higher removal efciency of NO was obtained at a longer gas residence time or a lower inlet NO concentration. Microbial communities of the HMBR were sensitive to the variation in pH value and alkalescence corresponding to an optimum pH value of 8. In addition, NO elimination capacity and removal efciency were inversely proportional to the inlet oxygen concentration. Sulfur dioxide had no great influence on elimination capacity and removal efciency of NO. Product analysis was performed to study N2O and N2 production and confirmed that the majority of the microorganisms were denitrifying bacteria in the HMBR. Compared to other bioreactors treating NO, this study showed that the denitrifying HMBR was a good option for the removal of NO.     

电磁炉电磁辐射水平调查

采用电磁辐射分析仪PMM8053B,按照《对人体暴露于家用及类似用途电器电磁场的测量方法》（EN62233：2008）监测标准,对市场上部分电磁炉的电磁辐射水平进行监测,结果显示：电磁炉的电场强度最高达106．04V/m,磁感应强度最高达69．03μT,超过EN62233的限值规定,并使电磁炉周围的环境电磁辐射水平明显升高。建议进一步开展电磁炉电磁辐射的系统研究,制定有关环保标准和管理体制,将电磁炉纳入电磁辐射法定监管范畴。     

低温SNAD颗粒污泥工艺启动方式

为研究启动方式对同步短程硝化、厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化(SNAD)颗粒污泥工艺的影响,低温(12.7~18.3℃)条件下,R1和R2反应器分别通过先启动全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺和先启动厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化(SAD)工艺的方式逐步启动SNAD颗粒污泥工艺.结果表明,R1反应器启动成功后,氨氮几乎完全去除,总氮去除率达到86.7%.低氨氮浓度运行时,出水总氮去除率下降至75.3%,出水总氮浓度在10 mg·L~(-1)左右,NOB存在过量增殖现象,出水总氮浓度超过北京市水污染物排放标准一级A规定.R2反应器启动成功后,出水几乎不含氨氮,总氮去除率在89.1%左右,略高于R1反应器.低氨氮浓度运行时,出水氨氮浓度小于1.0 mg·L~(-1),出水总氮浓度小于6 mg·L~(-1),出水氨氮和总氮浓度满足地标一级A标准.先启动SAD工艺可以在启动初期通过厌氧运行将NOB逐渐淘汰出系统内,维持了系统的稳定性,为后续曝气启动SNAD工艺提供了良好的基础,维持了反应器的稳定运行,实现出水总氮长期排放达标.     

环境因子对腐殖酸诱导双氯芬酸光降解的影响

采用腐殖酸(HA)作为溶解有机质的代表物,考察了HA浓度、p H、离子强度和溶解氧等环境因子对HA诱导双氯芬酸(DCF)光降解的影响。结果表明:DCF在纯水和HA溶液中的光化学降解过程均服从一级动力学规律。与DCF纯水溶液相比,当HA浓度由0增至5. 0 mg C/L时,DCF光降解速率增大,但当HA浓度高于5. 0 mg C/L时,DCF的光降解过程受到抑制。在环境浓度水平(5. 0 mg C/L)下,HA对DCF光降解的诱导作用随DCF初始浓度增大而逐渐减弱。同时,HA对DCF光降解的诱导作用还受到多种水环境因子的影响,其随p H增大先减弱后增强,随离子强度增大而增强,随溶解氧浓度增大而减弱。研究结果可为环境水体中药物的归趋预测及生态风险评价提供依据。     

武汉市医疗废物污染现状及防治对策

介绍了武汉市医疗废弃物产生及处置的现状 ,并剖析存在问题 ,提出了防止医疗废物污染环境 ,危害人体健康的对策