我国矿山地质环境问题

介绍了我国矿山环境现状和矿山地质环境的主要问题。例如相关法律法规不完善、开采方式等技术落后,多头管理。治理手段单一等。分析产生这些问题的原因,针对这些的问题提出了相应的建议和对策。     

工业区域土壤和地下水中挥发性氯代烃的污染现状与防治法规

我国城市工业迅速发展,以三氯乙烯(TCE)和四氯乙烯(PCE)为代表的挥发性氯代烃(volatile chlorinated hydro-carbons,VCHs)对土壤和地下水的污染也日益显著。城市建设过程中受VCHs污染的工业场址若直接再开发为住宅区、商业区、学校等公众场所将危害公众健康,因此,在这类土地转型利用前对污染场址的环境评价有着重要意义。概述了典型VCHs在国内外的生产使用情况;介绍了VCHs在工业城市土壤和地下水中污染分布的广泛性,以及我国工业污染防治的相关法规和环境质量标准,对我国VCHs排放标准的制定和污染控制有着重要的理论意义。     

南京城区黑臭河道底泥污染特征及生态风险评价

河道黑臭是目前我国许多城市面临的环境问题,研究其底泥中的污染物如有机质、氮磷和重金属的污染特征并据此进行生态风险评价,对城市黑臭河道的污染控制与生态修复具有十分重要的意义。选取南京城区内8条典型黑臭河道,采集其表层底泥样品进行分析,测得其中有机质、总氮、总磷的含量分别为0.75%～10.86%、0.05%～0.68%、0.04%～0.23%,三者之间呈显著正相关关系,表明了它们较好的同源性,应用沉积物质量标准评价发现,这3种污染物污染程度总体介于严重级与最低级之间,但氮磷的污染比有机质更为严重。底泥中6种重金属的平均含量均超过背景值,相关性分析结果表明Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn之间均呈极显著正相关关系,而重金属与营养物之间未发现较好的相关性,潜在生态风险评价结果表明底泥中重金属污染严重,84.2%的河道具有高潜在生态风险,各元素的潜在生态风险顺序依次为 Cd >Cu >Pb >Cr >Ni >Zn,Cd为主要污染物,具有很高潜在生态风险。与国内其他典型受污染水体相比,南京城区黑臭河道底泥中总氮、总磷与重金属Cd的污染更为严重。     

Cytotoxicity and autophagy induction by graphene quantum dots with different functional groups

Graphene quantum dots(GQDs) possess great potential in various applications due to their superior physicochemical properties and wide array of available surface modifications.However, the toxicity of GQDs has not been systematically assessed, thus hindered their further development; especially, the risk of surface modifications of GQDs is largely unknown. In this study, we employed a lung carcinoma A549 cells as the model to investigate the cytotoxicity and autophagy induction of three types GQDs, including cGQDs(COOH-GQDs), hGQDs(OH-GQDs), and aGQDs(NH_2-GQDs). The results showed hGQDs was the most toxic, as significant cell death was induced at the concentration of 100 μg/mL,determining by WST-1 assay as well as Annexin-V-FITC/PI apoptosis analysis, whereas cGQDs and aGQDs were non-cytotoxic within the measured concentration. Autophagy detection was performed by TEM examination, LC3 fluorescence tracking, and Westernblot. Both aGQDs and hGQDs induced cellular autophagy to various degrees except for cGQDs. Further analysis on autophagy pathways indicated all GQDs significantly activated p-p38 MAPK; p-ERK1/2 was inhibited by aGQDs and hGQDs but activated by c GQDs. p-JNK was inhibited by aGQDs and c GQDs, while activated by hGQDs. Simultaneously, Akt was activated by hGQDs but inhibited by aGQDs. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA significantly increased the cytotoxicity of GQDs, suggesting that autophagy played a protective role against the toxicity of GQDs. In conclusion, c GQDs showed excellent biocompatibility and may be considered for biological applications. Autophagy induction may be included in the health risk assessment of GQDs as it reflects the stress status which may eventually lead to diseases.     

塑料大气环境老化预测模型研究

目的为塑料老化行为预测提供简易而可靠的途径,充分发挥环境效应数据的内在价值。方法分别运用GM(1,1)模型、幂函数模型、指数函数模型、多项式模型预测9种工程塑料在3种典型大气环境下的拉伸强度、延伸率和弯曲强度等力学性能变化,并与自然环境试验实测结果进行比较。结果拉伸强度、延伸率、弯曲强度等3种力学性能中,弯曲强度预测效果最好,延伸率预测效果最差。4种模型之中,GM(1,1)模型在预测小样本数据方面具有最好的预测效果和最高的正确率,且在数据具有一定波动性的情况下仍能够保持较好的预测效果。结论在挖掘分析塑料大气老化评价指标和试验时间之间的函数关系时,不仅要考虑预测模型的拟合效果好坏、相关系数高低、预测误差和预测正确率高低,还应注意预测模型反映出来的塑料性能变化规律是否符合客观实际,这样得到的预测模型才能尽可能地反映塑料老化程度与试验时间关系的全貌。     

吡草醚原药对大鼠一般生长情况的影响及其慢性肾毒性研究

研究吡草醚原药对大鼠一般生长情况的影响,寻找慢性毒性靶器官以及确定最大无作用剂量(NOAEL)。将初重为40~50 g的SPF级SD大鼠随机分成对照、低、中和高剂量组,160只/组,雌雄各半。各组动物分别给予含有不同浓度吡草醚原药的饲料(0,80,400,2 000 mg·kg-1的饲料),染毒期间不限制摄食饮水,期限为104周。结果显示雌、雄鼠中、高剂量组1~104周的体重、增重、食物利用率与对照组比较,于不同阶段均有不同程度降低,差异有显著性(P0.05或P0.01或P0.001);中、高剂量受试物可导致大鼠血液中尿素氮(BUN)水平升高及胆碱酯酶(Ch E)水平下降,肾脏器系数升高,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P0.05或P0.01或P0.001);病理学检查显示中、高剂量组可引起肾小管上皮细胞变性、肾脏间质炎、慢性进行性肾病等。实验结果表明在本试验条件下,中、高剂量的吡草醚原药可明显影响大鼠的体重增长及食物利用率,对SD大鼠的慢性毒性靶器官是肾脏。     

装备典型舰载平台振动环境严酷度分析

目的为了正确识别舰载环境。方法采用INV3062T2数据采集系统,在典型舰载平台上实测了装备在舱室内的振动环境。结果数据表明,舱室内各方向上的振动加速度是一个正态随机变量,得到了各方向加速度峰值和振动加速度谱密度。结论分析表明,舱室内典型振动环境属于I型,是一类长期存在但量值较小的振动环境。     

Microalgae binary culture for higher biomass production,nutrients recycling,and efficient harvesting: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Microalgae are photosynthetic cell factories of global interest for fuels, food, feed, bioproducts, carbon sequestration, waste mitigation, and environmental...     

“Green” economic development in China: quantile regression evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt

As China’s economy began transitioning from one focused on high-speed growth to one focusing on high-quality development, sustainable green development has become the main goal pursued by the government. This study empirically measures the marginal impact of per capita GDP, technological innovation level, industrial structure, openness, fiscal decentralization, and urbanization level on per capita wastewater discharge in 11 provinces (cities) along the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2008 to 2018 using a quantile model. The key findings were as follows: (1) factors such as the per capita GDP, industrial structure, foreign direct investment, and urbanization in the YREB significantly increased water resource pollution; (2) the quantile model regression results showed that the relationship between economic growth and ecological pollution followed the so-called environmental Kuznets inverted U-curve. Wastewater discharge per capita was low in areas with low per capita GDP, meaning that the ecological environment in these areas was more fragile and that the environmental pollution costs due to economic growth were therefore relatively much higher in these areas; (3) fiscal decentralization significantly reduced water resource pollution in relatively developed areas although the effects in the relatively developing areas were not significant; and (4) the effects of technological innovation on reducing water resource pollution in the YREB were positive but not very significant. The results also confirmed that traditional patterns of economic growth increased water pollution in the YREB. For this reason, the government needs to urgently improve policies—for example, upgrading economic structures, preventing over-urbanization, speeding up technological innovation, introducing environmentally friendly foreign investment, and providing more rewards to best practitioners of environmental governance—that is conducive to the achievement of green ecological development.

     

Uptake,translocation, and degradation of spirotetramat in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller): Impact of the mixed-application with pymetrozine

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, we investigated the impact of the mixed-application with pymetrozine on the behavior (i.e., uptake, translocation, and degradation) of...