γ-辐照预处理太湖源水的研究

γ-辐照是一种高级氧化技术。为考察γ-辐照对水华爆发时期太湖源水预处理的效果,采集了此时期水样进行了预处理研究。结果表明:采集的水样处于富营养化状态;水样直接进行γ-辐照,其中的微囊藻毒素-LR和微囊藻毒素-RR得到有效降解。在10kGy的辐照剂量下,微囊藻毒素-LR和微囊藻毒素-RR的降解率均大于63%,降解后微囊藻毒素-LR质量浓度低于国家规定标准。碳酸钠的加入促进了微囊藻毒素的降解,但是效果不是很明显,降解率提高最大幅度为7.8%。γ-辐照对源水中的其他有机物质具有一定的去除作用。水样经辐照后,pH值的变化幅度最大为0.4,但pH仍在7.0~8.0之间。辐照技术在水华爆发时期水源地水预处理方面具有应用价值。     

Experimental study on pollutant movement in surf zone

The experiments on pollutant movement in surf zone were conducted on the two gentle beaches(with slope of 1:100 and 1:40, respectively), for diverse wave cases. The movement contours and direction of pollutants, under the action of regular and random waves with diverse wave amplitudes, were provided and studied in this paper. It was shown that, due to complicated hydrodynamics in surf zone, the pollutant movement state is quite complicated and different from that in pure current zone.     

Kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide

For the first time, kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide(ClO2) were investigated systematically by detecting concentration of aniline with HPLC at regular intervals. Results showed that the reaction was first-order both in ClO2 and in aniline, and the oxidation reaction could be described as second-order reaction. Stoichiometric factor η was experimentally determined to be 2.44. The second-order-reaction rate constant k was 0.11L/(mol.s)under condition of pH 6.86 and water temperature(Tw) 287K. Reaction activation energy was 72.31 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction could take place under usual water treatment conditions. The reaction rate constants in acidic and alkali media were greater than that in neutral medium. Chlorite ion could slightly increase reaction rate in acidic medium. p-aminophenol and azobenzene were detected by GC-MS as intermediates.     

Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to be a promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxide reforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalyst supported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-term reaction.     

镉"加标"沉积物对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)生物毒性研究

选择泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudaus)作为受试生物,以泥鳅死亡率、血液红细胞数量、红细胞体积、红细胞微核率和核异常率作为测试指标,考察了沉积物中"加标"金属镉(Cd)的毒性状况,探讨了水体沉积物中重金属的生物毒性影响.结果表明:高有机质的粘土粉砂性沉积物能够有效吸附重金属镉;镉加标暴露组泥鳅的死...     

城市地震风险整体评价方法及其应用

城市已经成为我国防震减灾的重中之重,国家越来越重视城市地震风险管理,将地震灾害管理的重点集中在城市地震风险的评估和管理工作上.通过计算预期的物理破坏、经济损失和人员伤亡,并考虑社会的脆弱性和恢复的能力等其他因素的影响,将各种因素的值进行转化,形成可以进行相加的指数,并乘以相应的权重,最终得到城市的地震风险.从地震风险管理的角度出发,引入城市地震整体风险评价法对淮南市的地震风险进行评估,并给出了提高地震防灾减灾能力的几条建议,为城市地震防灾减灾提供参考.     

混凝法处理表面活性剂废水的水力影响

以含1 mg/L十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的20 NTU高岭土悬浊液为研究对象,投加聚合铝PAC进行强化混凝实验,探讨了水力条件对含SDBS废水处理效果及其混凝形态学特性的影响。结果表明,偏碱性条件有利于浊度去除,而偏酸性条件下SDBS去除率较高;在试验确定的最佳工艺条件下,处理后废水余浊低,表面活性剂去除率较高,絮体大而密实,不易破碎,分维值较高;助凝剂纳米SiO2能进一步改善最优水力条件下PAC的强化混凝效果。     

长江中游城市群城市化对PM2.5浓度的多尺度驱动机制

探究城市化对PM_2.5浓度的非线性影响及其驱动机制,对城市的大气污染治理具有重要意义.基于2002~2020年长江中游城市群的遥感数据和统计数据,采用空间自相关、系统动态面板回归模型和时空地理加权回归模型等方法,揭示长江中游城市群PM_2.5浓度的时空演变,并探究不同空间尺度下城市化对PM_2.5浓度的驱动机制.结果表明：①2002~2020年长江中游城市群PM_2.5浓度整体呈下降趋势,在空间上大致呈“北高南低”的分布格局.②热点城市有向长江中游城市群西部扩张的趋势,冷点城市空间相关程度有所增强.③PM_2.5浓度与经济城市化、土地城市化和人口城市化之间分别存在“N”型、倒“U”型和“U”型曲线关系.第二产业和能源消耗对PM_2.5浓度变化呈显著促进作用,降水和植被能够有效地削弱PM_2.5污染.④各城市化因子在局部的整体驱动效应均发生了转化,其主要影响区域集中在长江中游城市群的东南、西北和西南等边缘地带城市.结合长江中游城市群的城市发展现状和区域特征,推进产业绿色转型,合理规划城市空间布局和人口分布,增强基础设施建设将有助于实现城市发展和环境保护之间的协调发展.     

再生水消毒副产物的检测、生成与控制

在水资源紧缺的当下,污水再生利用是一项重要的环保战略更是资源战略.消毒能有效杀灭病菌和阻断介水疾病的传播,是保障再生水用水安全的重要手段.然而,消毒剂会不可避免地与水中有机物发生反应形成具有毒害效应的消毒副产物.围绕污水在再生消毒过程中所产生的消毒副产物,针对其检测识别方法、生成条件（前体物、消毒工艺及水质条件对消毒副产物生成的影响）以及控制方法（源头控制、过程控制及末端控制）进行综述.在此基础上,对再生水消毒副产物的未来研究动态进行了探讨,可为保障再生水的安全利用提供依据.     

拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂对水生态系统的毒性作用

拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂主要用于防治棉田、菜地、果树和茶叶上的农业害虫以及卫生害虫,也用于渔业生产上杀灭寄生虫。近几年来其使用量越来越大,是传统有机磷农药的替代品。它具有高效广谱、低残留的特点,对光稳定,在哺乳动物体内代谢、排泄迅速,但是对水生态系统危害较大。报道了拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂对水生生物的急、慢性毒性和中毒机理的研究进展,阐述了有待研究的方向。