Geochemistry and health risk assessment of arsenic exposure to street dust in the zinc smelting district, Northeast China

The aim of this study was to investigate arsenic (As) accumulation in street dust and health risk of population. The investigation concentrated on: a. pollution levels of As in street dust; b. spatial distribution of As in street dust; c. physicochemical properties analysis of street dust; and d. assessment of population health risk due to As exposure to street dust. As concentration in street dust ranged from 3.33 to 185.1?mg?kg^?1, with a mean of 33.10?mg?kg^?1, which was higher than the background value of Liaoning soil. As contamination level of the area closing to Huludao Zinc Plant (HZP) was highest. Spatial variation showed that the pollution center was close to HZP, formed radial distribution pattern and extended to the northeast and southwest of HZP. The pH and organic matter of street dust were both higher than the background values of soil in Liaoning. There was significantly negative correlation between As concentration and the pH. The mass percentages of particles 180?C100,?<100?C75,?<75?C63, and?<63???m were 29.8, 3.7, 21.3, and 4.2?%, respectively. The highest of As concentration was found in the smallest particle size (<63???m). As loadings in the particles of grain size 180?C100 and?<75?C63???m were higher than other particle fractions. Results of the risk assessment indicated that the highest risk was associated with the ingestion of street dust particles. Health risk for different use scenarios to human decreased in the order of HZP?>?Industrial district?>?School?>?Commercial center?>?Residential area. Around HZP, Hazard Index (HI) for children and cancer risk of As by street dust exposure exceeded the acceptable values. It indicated that there was a potential adverse effect on children health by As exposure to the street dust of Huludao.     

1961—2010年广西气温变化对全球变暖的响应

利用广西88 个气象站1961—2010 年的年平均气温和年极端最高、最低气温数据,运用GIS 技术、气候倾向率以及Mann-Kendall 突变检验方法对广西近50 a 气温的时空变化特征及突变特征进行分析。结果表明:在全球变暖影响下, 近50 a 广西全区年平均气温和年极端最高、最低气温总体上均呈上升趋势,其中年平均气温和年极端最低气温的气候倾向率均达到了极显著水平;年平均气温和年极端最高气温的突变时间分别为2001 年和2003 年,均比极端最低气温(1984 年) 晚了近20 a 左右;年极端最高和最低气温存在非对称变化。时空分布图表明,区域平均值忽略了研究区域内的差异,尽管近50 a 来广西气温区域平均值的总体变化呈上升趋势,但不同时期各地区间气温变化的趋势和幅度各有差异。     

软骨藻酸神经毒性作用机制研究进展

在拟菱形藻引发的有毒赤潮中产生的记忆缺失性贝毒(amnesic shellfish poison,ASP)软骨藻酸,经贝类等海洋生物摄入进入食物链,在对海洋生物造成危害的同时,也对人类健康造成威胁。软骨藻酸中毒者临床上表现为呕吐、腹痛和头痛等症状,严重者出现神经系统功能紊乱,如昏迷、抽搐和记忆缺失。软骨藻酸结构上与兴奋性氨基酸谷氨酸相似,它可以通过直接活化KA(kainate)受体和AMPA(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid)受体介导兴奋性神经毒。本文主要从线粒体功能紊乱、内质网应激和神经炎症等方面就软骨藻酸的神经毒性作用机制进行了综述。     

山西工矿区土壤SO2-PAHs复合污染对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

二氧化硫(Sulfur dioxide,SO2)和多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是山西工矿区同时发现的两种典型环境污染物,对区域土壤环境的影响极大.本文以山西工矿区生黄土为供试土壤,以玉米种子为供试作物,采用室内培养皿育苗试验,研究了不同浓度的SO2(0、10、100、500、1 000 mg kg-1)与PAHs(0、1、10、50、100 mgkg-1)单一及复合污染对玉米种子的萌发率、苗期株高、根长和总生物量的影响,以表征SO2与PAHs复合污染的生态毒性.结果表明,与对照相比,SO2单一污染对玉米种子萌发起到促进作用,对玉米苗期株高、根伸长及早期总生物量则是低浓度(10-100 mg kg-1)促进生长,高浓度(500-1 000 mg kg-1)抑制生长;PAHs单一污染对玉米种子的萌发没有明显的影响,对玉米苗期株高、根伸长及总生物量也是低浓度(1-10 mg kg-1)促进生长,高浓度(50-100 mg kg-1)抑制生长;SO2-PAHs复合污染条件下,只有高浓度的复合污染处理对玉米种子萌发起抑制作用,但与对照相比没有显著性差异;低浓度的SO2与低浓度的PAHs处理对玉米株高、根伸长及总生物量有一定的刺激作用,而高浓度的SO2与高浓度的PAHs处理则抑制了玉米的生长,即随着SO2和PAHs浓度的升高,复合污染的毒性逐渐增强.多元回归分析进一步表明,玉米株高和根伸长主要受SO2和PAHs的共同影响,而玉米苗期总生物量主要受PAHs的影响.     

Water quality of Lugu Lake: Changes,causes and measurements

Lugu lake is an alpine lake in Yunnan Province in western China. It is famous for its beautiful scenery and the special culture of Mosuo people in this area. The lake is becoming contaminated and eutrophicated because of the huge number of visitors and improvements in agriculture during the last decade. This paper uses the water quality index (WQI) as an indicator to describe trends in contamination of Lugu Lake from 1995 to 2004 and analyses several parameters to determine the causes and consequences of contamination. We found that the dominant cause was pollution from tourism and suggest some feasible measures to prevent further deterioration of the lake water quality.     

The effect of preparation conditions of Pt/Al2O3 on its catalytic performance for the H2-SCR in the presence of oxygen

Selective catalytic reduction of NO _x by H₂ in the presence of oxygen has been investigated over Pt/ Al₂O₃ catalysts pre-treated under different conditions. Catalyst preparation conditions exert significant influence on the catalytic performance, and the catalyst pre-treated by H₂ or H₂ then followed by O₂ is much more active than that pre-treated by air. The higher surface area and the presence of metallic Pt over Pt/Al₂O₃ pre-treated by H₂ or pretreated by H₂ then followed by O₂ can contribute to the formation of NO₂, which then promotes the reaction to proceed at low temperatures.     

复合型抑尘剂的制备研究

配制的复合型抑尘剂是甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物乳液。采用正交法构造四因素三水平设计正交实验,用预乳化法合成抑尘剂。对数据直观分析,得出在乳化剂质量分数为2%,引发剂质量分数为1.1%,交联剂质量分数为2%,搅拌强度为100 r/min的实验条件下,抑尘剂性能较好。抑尘剂应用性能测试表明:抑尘剂具有较好的吸水保水性,配制的复合型抑尘剂具有较好的经济效益和社会效益,应用前景广阔。     

全氟辛酸(PFOA)对蚯蚓的毒性作用

为考察全氟化合物的土壤生态毒性,以赤子爱胜蚓为模式生物,通过人工土壤染毒方法研究全氟辛酸(PFOA)对蚯蚓急性毒性、回避行为和SOD、CAT等抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,PFOA对蚯蚓的急性毒性作用与染毒时间和染毒浓度相关,实验求得PFOA对蚯蚓毒性作用7和14d的LC50值分别为816.58和792.50mg·kg-1;蚯蚓在160mg·kg-1PFOA暴露浓度下表现出明显的回避反应。在10～120mg·kg-1PFOA长时间暴露下,蚯蚓体内SOD出现"低促高抑"的变化趋势,而GSH-Px则总体上被PFOA所抑制。     

冷藏技术对发光细菌活性及毒性测试性能的影响

由于发光细菌的在线毒性监测技术受到了细菌生物活性稳定性保持问题的制约,探索一种脱脂牛奶菌悬液冷藏复苏方法,以提高发光细菌活性的保持时间。比较了明亮发光杆菌新鲜菌液冷藏、冻干粉菌悬液冷藏和脱脂牛奶菌悬液冷藏对发光细菌生物活性的影响,同时,比较了不同渗透压调节液对菌悬液急性毒性测试的灵敏度和稳定性的影响。结果表明,质量分数为25%的脱脂牛奶可提高发光细菌生物活性的稳定性,菌悬液冷藏7d后复苏,相对发光率仍可达92%。2%NaCl和10%蔗糖为渗透压调节液时,冷藏至第7天的发光细菌脱脂牛奶菌悬液对重金属毒性测试的灵敏度,与新鲜菌液基本相同,但添加蔗糖降低了其对有机物的测试灵敏度。利用发光细菌脱脂牛奶冷藏菌悬液对Zn~(2+)进行连续7d的毒性测试,EC_(50)的变异系数小于15%,结果稳定性良好。     

光周期对油桃芽休眠诱导及呼吸代谢的影响

以‘曙光’(Prunus persica var.nectariana cv.Shuguang)油桃为试材,研究光周期对油桃芽休眠诱导进程以及对芽内底物水平的呼吸代谢运行的影响.结果表明:短日照使油桃芽提前进入休眠诱导,并促进休眠迅速加深,而长日照使休眠延迟.整个休眠诱导期内,叶芽和花芽的总呼吸速率先升高后降低.在底物水平上,随着休眠诱导的进行,三羧酸循环(TCA)略有下降,但仍维持高位运行,磷酸戊糖途径(PPP)在总呼吸中比例持续上升.短日照诱导相关的呼吸代谢变化提前出现,而长日照对相关呼吸代谢的变化具有推迟作用.