Trophic diversity in amphipods within a temperate eelgrass ecosystem as determined by gut contents and C and N isotope analysis

A conjoint analysis of gut contents and stable C and N isotopes was applied to determine the main food sources and feeding habits of dominant amphipods in an eelgrass bed (Zostera marina) in Gwangyang Bay, Korea. Gut content observations demonstrated that, while Gammaropsis japonicus and Jassa slatteryi are herbivorous, feeding on epiphytes and detritus, Pontogeneia rostrata and Monocorophium acherusicum are omnivorous, feeding on mesozooplankton fragments and detritus. Stable isotope data confirmed that epiphytes, detritus, and mesozooplankton fragments were major food sources for amphipods in the eelgrass bed. Isotopic mixing model calculations clearly showed an interspecific difference in diet composition. A high isotopic dissimilarity between amphipod taxa demonstrated interspecific trophic diversity, reflecting their herbivorous (G. japonicus and J. slatteryi) and omnivorous (P. rostrata and M. acherusicum) feeding habits and confirmed the detrivorous feeding habits of caprellids. Such trophic diversity at interspecific level of the amphipod species indicates that they use different food resources within their microhabitats and play species-specific functional roles as mediators in trophic pathways from producers to higher-level consumers of the eelgrass ecosystem. Finally, our findings suggest that information on the species-specific trophic ecology of amphipods is needed to better understand their potential role in the trophic dynamics and carbon flow of seagrass bed ecosystems.     

慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia)根系泌氧特征

借助高精度溶解氧微电极,研究了自然沉积物中慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia)根不同部位的泌氧能力差异以及光照对根系泌氧能力的影响。结果表明,慈姑根系不同部位的泌氧能力存在差异,光照和黑暗条件下根区氧气扩散层厚度由大到小依次为1/2根长(0.98、0.72 mm)、3/4根长(0.68、0.28 mm)、根尖(0.58、0.44 mm)和1/4根长(0.42、0.32 mm);光照条件下不同根长部位根表面溶解氧含量由大到小依次为1/2根长〔64.56%(以%空气饱和度计)〕、3/4根长(52.73%)、根尖(38.55%)和1/4根长(20.55%),这与根部泌氧屏障、通气组织发育程度和根组织呼吸代谢有关。无论有无光照,慈姑根均有泌氧产生,光照条件下根表面溶解氧含量和根区氧气扩散层厚度均高于黑暗条件;在光照和黑暗条件下1/2根长处根表面溶解氧含量均显著高于其他测定点(P<0.05);除1/2根长处以外的其他测定点,在光照条件下的根表面溶解氧含量差异显著(P<0.05),但在黑暗条件下趋于相同(P>0.05)。     

光周期对油桃芽休眠诱导及呼吸代谢的影响

以‘曙光’(Prunus persica var.nectariana cv.Shuguang)油桃为试材,研究光周期对油桃芽休眠诱导进程以及对芽内底物水平的呼吸代谢运行的影响.结果表明:短日照使油桃芽提前进入休眠诱导,并促进休眠迅速加深,而长日照使休眠延迟.整个休眠诱导期内,叶芽和花芽的总呼吸速率先升高后降低.在底物水平上,随着休眠诱导的进行,三羧酸循环(TCA)略有下降,但仍维持高位运行,磷酸戊糖途径(PPP)在总呼吸中比例持续上升.短日照诱导相关的呼吸代谢变化提前出现,而长日照对相关呼吸代谢的变化具有推迟作用.     

陶瓷膜生物反应器处理生活污水膜污染机理的研究

采用一个经典模型描述了陶瓷膜生物反应器处理生活污水过程中的通量衰减,通过模型参数分析了膜的污染机理.分析结果表明,孔径为50、200和500 nm的陶瓷膜主要由"部分孔堵塞"机理、"完全孔堵塞"机理和"部分孔堵塞"机理控制.实验表明,孔径为200 nm的陶瓷膜较适用于陶瓷膜生物反应器体系.     

面向自动驾驶的典型汽车与行人事故冲突场景研究

为了从交通事故数据中提取典型汽车与行人冲突场景,应用于自动驾驶汽车研发测试,首先将行人事故冲突场景的组成变量按主车、行人、道路、环境4个类别进行划分,利用群决策理论分析了各类别下属变量的重要性,提取重要变量并根据其取值定义了汽车与行人冲突的基础场景.结合国家车辆事故深度调查体系(NAIS)中行人事故数据,统计得到46类基础场景,分析了中国行人冲突基础场景的特征,并提取了 7种典型的基础场景,就其中2类最典型场景进行聚类分析,对后5类典型场景进行统计分析,获得了 16类典型汽车与行人冲突场景的详细描述.研究结果可为系统全面地研究我国自动驾驶汽车行人自动紧急制动(AEB)测试场景提供参考.     

基于DFTA的电梯制动器可靠性分析

电梯制动器是电梯最重要的安全部件之一,故研究其可靠性具有重要意义.首先分析了电梯制动器的故障机理并建立了动态故障树模型,其次利用二元决策图和马尔科夫方法对故障树进行了分析计算,得到了影响系统可靠性的相关指标以及制动器的薄弱环节,最后提出了改进措施和建议,为电梯制动器的设计、维修保养及检验提供了科学依据.     

用AGMP-1M阴离子交换树脂直接分离Zn的实验方法改进

针对原有用于铜、铁、锌同位素分析的提纯步骤方法,我们专门对锌的提纯进行了改进,即在1mol/LHCl的介质条件下,采用200~400目AGMP-1M树脂提纯锌,大大简化了锌的提纯方法。在改进的实验条件下,地质样品的回收率接近100%;标准溶液在离子交换分离前后同位素组成一致,表明分离前后无Zn同位素分馏;全流程Zn的空白小于0.7ng/mL。此法可作为用于高精度Zn同位素分析的前处理方法。     

Investigating the bacterial community and amoebae population in rural domestic wastewater reclamation for irrigation

Reclamation of domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation is viewed as a sustainable option to create an alternative water source and address water scarcity. Free-living amoebae(FLA), which are amphizoic protozoa, are widely distributed in various environmental sources. The FLA could cause considerable environmental and health risks. However, little information is available on the risk of these protozoa. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility using rural domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation, and analyzed dynamic changes of the microbial community structure and FLA populations in raw and treated wastewater, as well as the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuce production sites that were irrigated with different water sources. The bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP). The bacterial community structures in the influent were similar to that in the effluent, while in some cases relative abundances varied significantly. The populations of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella vermiformis in the anaerobically treated wastewater were significantly higher than in the raw wastewater. The vegetables could harbor diverse amoebae, and the abundances of Acanthamoeba spp. and H. vermiformis in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than in the phyllosphere. Accordingly, our studies show insight into the distribution and dissemination of amoebae in wastewater treatment and irrigation practices.     

中美环境监测体制之比较

对中美环境监测体制进行对比性评述,指出了中国环境监测行业存在的分析标准滞后、体制不完善、人员匮乏等问题,提出借鉴美国经验,完善法律体系,引入市场机制,逐步培育竞争有序、监管到位的环境监测行业的建议。     

基于关联性及趋势性分析的AVHRR NDVI及#br# MODIS NDVI数据产品比较

针对AVHRR NDVI和MODIS NDVI数据集中不同数据产品间的差异和区域适应性问题,利用2003~2013年重叠时间段MODIS Terra/Aqua的NDVI Collection 5(C5)和Collection 6(C6)产品以及AVHRR NDVI中的GIMMS NDVI3g产品,选择汉江流域典型区域进行数据对比分析。通过关联指数IOAs(Index of Association)来评价各数据在季节波动上的一致性;采用Mann Kendall检验分析各数据的长期趋势差异。结果表明,在季节性变化上,同一卫星不同版本产品之间的关联性相对较高。在年际变化上,GIMMS产品相对MODIS 产品,仅能检出部分NDVI变化趋势。在地表覆被异质性相对较高地区,GIMMS产品的长期变化趋势检出率较低。MODIS Terra的NDVI C5产品受传感器退化影响,表现出相对较高的减少趋势。关键词： GIMMS NDVI;MODIS NDVI;Mann Kendall检验;趋势分析