京杭运河常州段水质变化趋势及相关性分析

以京杭运河常州段水质监测数据为基础,研究了2010年至2014年近五年的沿线水质变化趋势,并借助SPSS软件对不同水期的高锰酸盐指数、氨氮和总磷的Pearson相关性进行了分析.结果表明:近五年京杭大运河常州段水质状况总体良好,主要污染指标为氨氮和总磷;不同水期水质变化显著,丰水期较枯水期和平水期水质好;高锰酸盐指数、氨氮和总磷显著相关,Pearson分析的显著性在0.01水平上.研究为京杭运河常州段的水质改善提供参考.     

Environmental contamination from electronic waste recycling at Guiyu, southeast China

The disposal, recycling, and part salvaging of discarded electronic devices such as computers, printers, televisions, and toys are now creating a new set of waste problems. This study is aimed at identifying the sources and quantifying the pollution levels generated from electronic waste (e-waste) activities at Guiyu, Guangdong Province, China, and their potential impacts on the environment and human health. The preliminary results indicate that total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil obtained from a printer roller dump site was 593 μg/kg dry weight (dry wt.) and in sediment from a duck pond, the PAH concentration was 514 μg/kg (dry wt.). Sediment from the Lianjiang River was found to be contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (743 μg/kg) at a level approaching three times the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines probable effect level of 277 μg/kg. Total mono- to hepta-brominated diphenyl ether homologue concentrations (1140 and 1169 μg/kg dry wt.) in soils near dumping sites were approximately 10–60 times those reported for other polybrominated diphenyl ether-contaminated locations in the world. In-house study on the open burning of cable wires showed extremely high levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans resulting in 12419 ng toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg of waste input and 15 610 ng TEQ/kg for two separate tests, respectively, which were about three orders of magnitude higher than those for the open burning of household waste. High levels of Cu (712, 528, and 496 mg/kg), exceeding the new Dutch list action value, were determined for soil near the printer roller dumping area, sediment from Lianjiang River, and soil from a plastic burn site, respectively. A more thorough study is underway to elucidate the extent of contamination of toxic pollutants in different ecological compartments to establish whether these pollutants are bioaccumulated and biomagnified through food chains. Assessments of human health impacts from oral intake, inhalation, and dermal contact will be subsequently investigated. An erratum to this article is available at.     

Optimization of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04 using Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology

Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04,isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules.The most important factors influencing phenol degradation (p<0.05),as identified by a two-level Plackett-Burman design with 11 variables,were yeast extract,phenol,inoculum size,and temperature.Steepest ascent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these four significant factors.Central composite design (CCD) and response surfac...     

旱柳（Salix matsudana Koidz）体内Cu迁移特征的水培模拟研究

为探讨重金属元素Cu在旱柳（Salix matsudana Koidz）植物体内的迁移及形态特征,研究通过水培模拟实验,运用ICP-AES测定了旱柳不同组织中Cu含量,并采用SEM-EDAX技术分析了旱柳不同组织显微结构和Cu存在形态.结果表明：在Cu胁迫下,根、茎、叶中Cu含量随培养液Cu浓度的增加而增加,在450μ...     

一株产黑色素海洋细菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

从山东近岸海域海水中分离得到一株产黑色素细菌Sl,通过对S1菌株的菌落形态观察、生理生化性质检验及16SrDNA序列测定,初步鉴定为明亮发光杆菌(Photobacterium phosphoreum).为了提高S1菌株黑色素产量,采用单因素实验设计对S1菌株进行发酵条件优化,结果表明当发酵条件为L-酪氨酸0.75 g/...     

“Ten Steps”法在污水处理厂设备管理中的应用

污水处理厂设备管理具有相应的特点,结合多年的污水处理厂设备管理经验,从设备的选、用、养、修等诸多环节进行讨论,总结了设备管理"Ten Steps"法,为行业设备管理提供相应借鉴。     

环境科学与工程专业实践教学环节的探讨

当今社会中国的环境问题日益突出,人民群众的环境意识日益加强,随之而来的对环境科学与工程高技术人才的需求量越来越大,同时对环境科学与工程高技术人才的要求也越来越高。在培养具有高竞争能力和创新精神的复合型高素质环境专业人才的过程中,实践教学环节显得尤为重要。锻炼和提高学生的动手能力和实践能力,培养学生的创新精神,是提高学生在社会中竞争力的关键。文中分析了环境科学与工程专业实践教学环节中存在的主要问题;提出了从实验教学及工程设计环节、实习环节到毕业设计环节进行改革,增强实践教学的内容,改进实践教学的方法。     

一种沉淀法处理生活垃圾渗滤液的研究

生活垃圾渗滤液来源于生活垃圾的含水和地表径流和地下水的浸入。渗滤液是一种高浓度的有机废水。与工业废物一起填埋的垃圾渗滤液中还含有较多的重金属,垃圾浸滤液一旦控制不当,将会污染地下水,甚至对人体健康造成危害。目前研究垃圾浸滤液的方法已经成为水处理研究的热点,但研究生活垃圾浸出液中氨氮的去除比较少。本文首先介绍研究磷酸铵镁沉淀去除氨氮的原理,接下来讨论了磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮的各种因素,分析了各种最佳条件的形成。在去除氨氮同时,对重金属也有很好的去除效果。磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除氨氮同时形成的是一种重要复合肥料。MAP法可降低垃圾渗滤液中COD浓度,改善其可生化性,并具有对NH3-N去除率高,无二次污染,受温度影响很小等特点。     

对水处理自动化应用现场总线问题的浅见

改革开放以来,我国通过外国政府及世行贷款等项目,引进了国际上较先进的水处理自动化控制理念和技术.经过10多年的努力,以PLC构成的集散监控系统已成为水处理自动化的主流.经验证明,这样的控制系统对水处理工业来说是安全、可靠和经济适用的.随着PLC技术性能的不断提升,向来以采用DCS系统为主的化工、冶金行业也在争论是采用DCS或是DCS与PLC的混合系统,还是全PLC系统的问题.随着网络化、信息化概念向自动化领域的不断渗透,现场总线技术成为当今世界自动化领域的新起点.面对现场总线技术的崛起,有8种总线成为IEC现行的现场总线技术标准,人们所期望的由一种现场总线一统天下的局面并未发生.IEC61158将最终选择权推给了用户,如何应用现场总线成为从事水处理自动化工作的技术人员正在思考的一个问题.     

嗅觉适应对恶臭分析的影响初探

依据《三点比较式臭袋法》(GB/T 14675-93),对不同浓度的嗅辨样品进行分组嗅辨,考察不同性别、不同年龄对嗅辨样品、嗅辨结果准确性的影响。结果表明,嗅辨员年纪越轻,越不易产生嗅觉适应;男性嗅辨员嗅觉适应的出现也往往早于女性嗅辨员;高浓度的样品嗅辨员比较容易出现嗅觉适应,低浓度的样品嗅觉适应情况均不明显。当嗅辨员在连续较长时间嗅辨或嗅辨较多数量样品后,都会明显出现嗅觉适应的情况。为保证实验数据的准确性,建议嗅辨员的嗅辨时间应控制在1h内,嗅辨样品数不要超过20个。