The use of oxyhalogen in photocatalytic reaction to remove o-chloroaniline in TiO2 dispersion

Photodecay of o-chloroaniline (o-ClA) in various combinations of UV sources, TiO2, and oxyhalogens was investigated. To improve the conventional photocatalytic process by using UV/TiO2, the addition of oxyhalogens (ClO3(-), BrO3(-) and IO3(-)) into UV/TiO2 system was studied and the effect in such addition is very encouraging for all the selected additives. Oxyhalogens are capable of deferring the electron-hole recombination of TiO2 which significantly improved its catalytic performance. The presence of IO3(-) in UV/TiO2 resulted in the fastest o-ClA decay among three oxhalogens at the same dosage. The decay of o-ClA in UV/TiO2/oxyhalogen process is characterized by a two-stage pseudo-kinetics, where a faster initial decay was followed by a retardation state. A mathematics model was successfully established for the prediction of the two-stage decay of o-ClA in UV/TiO2/IO3(-) with any designed [IO3(-)] concentration.     

Environmental analysis of groundwater in Mecosta County, Michigan

Groundwater withdrawal has major economic, social, and environmental implications. In Michigan, recent legislative activity has begun to address the issue of groundwater sustainability. However, more hydrologic data are needed to help inform policy and legislation. A study was conducted in Mecosta County, Michigan to: (1) determine if a relationship could be established between land use/land cover and groundwater quality; and (2) develop a conceptual model for the shallow groundwater system of the study region. In general, groundwater quality was good, with below detection levels of E. coli, low total bacterial counts, and relatively low nutrient concentrations. No statistically significant associations were found between the bacterial numbers and either land use or the physical/chemical attributes measured, which may be because the scale of our spatial analysis was too coarse to detect patterns. Finer-scale, localized processes may have a greater influence on microorganism growth and abundance than coarser-scale, regional processes in this area. Our groundwater analysis suggested that shallow groundwater flow paths are generally consistent with regional surface water flow networks, and that shallow groundwater levels in most of the region have fluctuated within 1–2 m over the past 30 years, with no obvious increasing or decreasing trend.     

Policy-making coordination of municipal solid waste policies in China: a content analysis

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Massive urbanization and rapid development of urban economy have increased the generation of municipal solid waste in China. Like all developing...     

Differences of the oxidation process and secondary organic aerosol formation at low and high precursor concentrations

Current atmospheric quality models usually underestimate the level of ambient secondary organic aerosol(SOA), one of the possible reasons is that the precursors at different concentrations may undergo different oxidation processes and further affect SOA formation. Therefore, there is a need to perform more chamber studies to disclose the influence. In this work, SOA formation over a wide range of initial precursor concentrations(tens of ppb to hundreds of ppb levels) was investigated in a 30 m3 indoor smog chamber,and mainly through the analysis of multiple generations of VOCs detected from HR-To FPTRMS to expound the difference in the oxidation process between low and high precursor concentrations. Compared to high initial concentrations, gas-phase intermediates formed at low concentrations had a higher intensity by about one order of magnitude, and the lowvolatility compounds also had a higher formation potential due to the competition between semi-volatile intermediates and precursors with oxidants. In addition, the formed SOA was more oxidized with higher f44 value(0.14 ± 0.02) and more relevant to real atmosphere than that formed at high concentrations. This work should help to deeply understand SOA formation and improve the performance of air quality models for SOA simulation.     

“2+26”城市大气重污染下PM2.5来源解析

基于区域大气环境模拟系统RegAEMS开发了大气污染物来源解析模块APSA，以京津冀及周边"2+26"城市为研究对象，模拟2017年12月26日~2018年1月2日该地区一次PM_2.5重污染过程，对PM_2.5进行区域和行业来源解析.结果表明：本次污染持续时间长、影响范围广、污染程度重，"2+26"城市PM_2.5小时最大值为201~507μg/m³，RegAEMS可较好模拟出PM_2.5时空分布；区域来源解析表现为外围区域对"2+26"边界城市影响较大，贡献为15.3%~57.5%，"2+26"中部城市受外围区域影响较小，贡献为0.3%~8.4%，区域传输特征明显，受近地面风场影响较大；行业来源表现为区域内生活源、工业源贡献较大，分别为26.6%~45.8%、16.4%~37.8%，交通源占比13.0%~35.9%.本文研究表明RegAEMS可以实现重污染过程PM_2.5的数值模拟和来源解析，在大气污染精准管控方面具有较好应用前景.     

依法行政,促进环境执法的完善

环境执法是将环境法规中抽象的权利义务变成环境法中具体的权利义务的过程.环境执法是中国环境法制建设的一个重要组成部分.相关国家环保行政职能部门在行使行政权力时,享有很大的自由裁量权,他们能否合法有效地行使好行政权力,直接关系到国家的环保事业和发展.针对当前中国环境执法的现状及环境依法行政的重要意义,以期为政府制定相关环境执法政策、措施提供科学的决策依据和建议,提出了几点环境依法执法的构思:建立系统的、严谨的环境执法理论,树立崭新的执法理念,运用崭新的执法方式,严格依据法定程序办事,健全依法行政责任制和监督机制,推行政务公开,创建公正有效的执法环境.     

上海市2006～2008年实施燃煤电厂烟气脱硫的综合经济分析

根据上海市新一轮“环境保护和建设三年行动计划”（2006-2008年）提出的未来3年全市将有11家电厂的35台共约650.8万kW燃煤发电机组实施烟气脱硫的目标，结合上海市实际，建立相关假定条件，并考虑SO2减排的作用及脱硫产物的利用等方面因素，从经济、环境等角度对上海市650.8万kw燃煤发电机组实施湿法烟气脱硫的成本、效益进行了综合分析。结果显示，燃煤电厂烟气脱硫的固定资产投资和运行费用均较大，而脱硫产生的直接经济效益相对较小，其效益更多地体现在无法直接以货币形式衡量的环境效益、社会效益上。     

合肥城市生活垃圾量的关联分析与灰色预测研究

基于灰色系统理论,运用灰色关联度分析法定量分析了影响合肥城市生活垃圾产量的主要相关因素;建立了合肥城市生活垃圾年产量的预测GM(1,1)模型,并对合肥市未来五年的生活垃圾产量进行了预测.预测结果显示,"十一五"期间合肥城市生活垃圾产量的年平均增长率将8.9%左右,而到2010年合肥生活垃圾产量更是将达到81.2万吨.研究表明,所建立的模型精度较高,预测值的验证性良好,运用灰色关联度分析和模型预测方法在城市生活垃圾研究中可以发挥良好的作用.     

山东省东平湖浮游动物与富营养化防治

根据1994年对东平湖6个采样点枯水期，丰水期，平水期浮游动物的调查，共获轮虫，枝角类，桡足类和原生动物66属100种，查明其数量和分布以及季节变化状况，确定了指示轻污带，β-中污带和α－－中污带的15个种及其分布，根据浮游统计结果。结果：其它方法，肯定了东平湖为中营养型一富营养型湖泊，按照综合防治富营养化原则，作者提出放养鲢鳙及搭配比较，以减少湖中着生藻类和浮游动物，防治富营养化，发展水产养殖业和旅游业，实现了可持续发展。     

浅谈水面溢油污染防治技术及其应用

指出水面溢油污染的产生及危害，并提出溢油污染的防治技术和应用。