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481.
基于区域大气环境模拟系统RegAEMS开发了大气污染物来源解析模块APSA,以京津冀及周边"2+26"城市为研究对象,模拟2017年12月26日~2018年1月2日该地区一次PM2.5重污染过程,对PM2.5进行区域和行业来源解析.结果表明:本次污染持续时间长、影响范围广、污染程度重,"2+26"城市PM2.5小时最大值为201~507μg/m3,RegAEMS可较好模拟出PM2.5时空分布;区域来源解析表现为外围区域对"2+26"边界城市影响较大,贡献为15.3%~57.5%,"2+26"中部城市受外围区域影响较小,贡献为0.3%~8.4%,区域传输特征明显,受近地面风场影响较大;行业来源表现为区域内生活源、工业源贡献较大,分别为26.6%~45.8%、16.4%~37.8%,交通源占比13.0%~35.9%.本文研究表明RegAEMS可以实现重污染过程PM2.5的数值模拟和来源解析,在大气污染精准管控方面具有较好应用前景. 相似文献
482.
环境执法是将环境法规中抽象的权利义务变成环境法中具体的权利义务的过程.环境执法是中国环境法制建设的一个重要组成部分.相关国家环保行政职能部门在行使行政权力时,享有很大的自由裁量权,他们能否合法有效地行使好行政权力,直接关系到国家的环保事业和发展.针对当前中国环境执法的现状及环境依法行政的重要意义,以期为政府制定相关环境执法政策、措施提供科学的决策依据和建议,提出了几点环境依法执法的构思:建立系统的、严谨的环境执法理论,树立崭新的执法理念,运用崭新的执法方式,严格依据法定程序办事,健全依法行政责任制和监督机制,推行政务公开,创建公正有效的执法环境. 相似文献
483.
根据上海市新一轮“环境保护和建设三年行动计划”(2006-2008年)提出的未来3年全市将有11家电厂的35台共约650.8万kW燃煤发电机组实施烟气脱硫的目标,结合上海市实际,建立相关假定条件,并考虑SO2减排的作用及脱硫产物的利用等方面因素,从经济、环境等角度对上海市650.8万kw燃煤发电机组实施湿法烟气脱硫的成本、效益进行了综合分析。结果显示,燃煤电厂烟气脱硫的固定资产投资和运行费用均较大,而脱硫产生的直接经济效益相对较小,其效益更多地体现在无法直接以货币形式衡量的环境效益、社会效益上。 相似文献
484.
485.
山东省东平湖浮游动物与富营养化防治 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
根据1994年对东平湖6个采样点枯水期,丰水期,平水期浮游动物的调查,共获轮虫,枝角类,桡足类和原生动物66属100种,查明其数量和分布以及季节变化状况,确定了指示轻污带,β-中污带和α--中污带的15个种及其分布,根据浮游统计结果。结果:其它方法,肯定了东平湖为中营养型一富营养型湖泊,按照综合防治富营养化原则,作者提出放养鲢鳙及搭配比较,以减少湖中着生藻类和浮游动物,防治富营养化,发展水产养殖业和旅游业,实现了可持续发展。 相似文献
486.
浅谈水面溢油污染防治技术及其应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
楚海明 《石油化工环境保护》2004,27(1):16-17
指出水面溢油污染的产生及危害,并提出溢油污染的防治技术和应用。 相似文献
487.
Chu I Lecavalier P Håkansson H Yagminas A Valli VE Poon P Feeley M 《Chemosphere》2001,43(4-7):807-814
Concern of the toxic effects and bioaccumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment continues to be a focus of research in persistent organochlorine contaminants. Groups of five adult female S.D. rats were administered by gavage 0, 2.5, 25, 250 or 1000 ng TCDD/kg body weight/day or TCDD in combination with a mixture of PCB congeners (PCBs) at 2 or 20 microg/kg b.w./day for a period of 28 days. Growth suppression, increased absolute and relative liver weights, and decreased thymic weight were observed in either the 1000 ng TCDD group alone, or the groups receiving a mixture of 1000 ng TCDD + 2 microg PCBs. The TCDD induced increases in liver and thymic weights were not altered by co-administration with PCBs, however, growth suppression appeared to be more pronounced in the group receiving 1000 ng TCDD + 2 microg PCBs than with TCDD alone. Treatment with TCDD at 250 ng and 1000 ng/kg resulted in a significant increase in hepatic microsomal methoxy resorufin-O-demethylase and ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase activities which were antagonized by co-administration with PCBs. Similarly, effects of 250 ng TCDD on serum cholesterol and liver UDP glucuronosyl transferase activity and ascorbic acid were significantly reduced by co-administration with 20 microg PCBs. Other biochemical effects elicited by treatment with 1000 ng TCDD, but not affected by co-administration with PCBs include the following: increased serum albumin, decreased liver vitamin A, and increased kidney vitamin A and liver microsomal glutathione-S-transferase activity. While decreased hemoglobin, platelet, packed cell volume and red cell indices were observed in TCDD treated rats, no interactive effects were seen. The above results indicate that the mixture effects of PCBs and TCDD may be additive or antagonistic depending on the dose level and endpoints measured. For the purpose of predicting mixture effects, knowledge of mechanisms of action and toxicokinetics is required. 相似文献
488.
The kinetics of catalytic incineration of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide over an MnO/Fe2O3 catalyst 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The catalytic incineration of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide [(CH3)2S and (CH3)2S2] over an MnO/Fe2O3 catalyst was carried out in a bench-scale catalytic incinerator. Three kinetic models (i.e., the power-rate law, the Mars and Van Krevelen model, and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model) were used to analyze the results. A differential reactor design was used for best fit of kinetic models in this study. The results show that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model may be feasible to describe the catalytic incineration of (CH3)2S and (CH3)2S2. This suggests that the chemical adsorption of O2 molecules is important in this incineration. 相似文献
489.
Determining the equilibrium partitioning coefficients of volatile organic compounds at an air-water interface 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The single equilibration technique (SET) was adopted to determine the partitioning coefficients (pc) at an air-water interface for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including ethanol, iso-propanol (IPA), iso-butanol (IBA), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and toluene, all extensively used in industrial processes. Standard SET procedures were established. The liquid concentrations (CL) of tested VOCs ranged from 10 to 125 mg l(-1) for alcohols and MEK, and from 0.5 to 20 mg l(-1) for toluene. The temperatures (Tw) of aqueous VOC solutions were maintained at 27, 32, 38 and 42 degrees C to determine the gaseous concentrations at equilibrium (Cg*) and pc of VOCs, using the formula pc=(Cg*/CL). Results reveal that the pc values of all tested components increase slowly with Tw given a constant CL, and that the pc of alcohols and MEK fall as CL increases at a constant Tw. In contrast, the pc of toluene is not significantly impacted by a variation in CL at a constant Tw. However, the effect of CL concentration has seldom been discussed. The heats of liquid and gaseous phase transfer (DeltaHtr) of VOC, and the highly linear regression (with squared correlation coefficients, R2, from 0.901 to 0.999) between lnCg* and Tw(-1) are also evaluated. The experimental results and the VOC mass transfer characteristics are helpful for evaluating the emission of VOC from the water surface of wastewater treatment facilities. 相似文献
490.