浅谈联合站管线的腐蚀与防护

针对孤东采油厂集输联合站管道腐蚀十分严重、穿孔比较频繁的现状,分析了腐蚀产生的原因,采取了加强管道防护保温、强制阴极保护法等措施,防止了联合站管道的腐蚀.     

Phytotoxicity data safeguard the performance of the recipient plants in leachate irrigation

Leachates from an operating and a closed landfill were examined for their phytotoxicity by seed germination/root elongation tests using seeds of Brassica chinensis and Lolium perenne. Their EC50s ranged from 3% to 46% v/v, which varied remarkably with the operating status of the landfills. Seedlings of twelve tree species were grown in pots, which were irrigated with landfill leachate at the EC50 levels, with tap water as control. No tree mortality or growth inhibition was observed after 90 days of leachate application. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurement also showed that plants receiving leachate did not suffer from a decline in photosynthetic efficiency. Litsea glutinosa and Hibiscus tiliaceus had remarkable growth, and other non-N-fixers were not inferior to the N-fixing Acacia auriculiformis. Leachate irrigation improved soil N content, though P deficiency is still a problem. The seed bioassay provided a conservative estimate of the phytotoxicity of landfill leachate. Plants irrigated can be protected from growth inhibition when the leachate irrigation plan is designed with reference to phytotoxicity data.     

The kinetics of catalytic incineration of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide over an MnO/Fe2O3 catalyst

The catalytic incineration of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide [(CH3)2S and (CH3)2S2] over an MnO/Fe2O3 catalyst was carried out in a bench-scale catalytic incinerator. Three kinetic models (i.e., the power-rate law, the Mars and Van Krevelen model, and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model) were used to analyze the results. A differential reactor design was used for best fit of kinetic models in this study. The results show that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model may be feasible to describe the catalytic incineration of (CH3)2S and (CH3)2S2. This suggests that the chemical adsorption of O2 molecules is important in this incineration.     

Arsenite-oxidizing and arsenate-reducing bacteria associated with arsenic-rich groundwater in Taiwan

Drinking highly arsenic-contaminated groundwater is a likely cause of blackfoot disease in Taiwan, but microorganisms that potentially control arsenic mobility in the subsurface remain unstudied. The objective of this study was to investigate the relevant arsenite-oxidizing and arsenate-reducing microbial community that exists in highly arsenic-contaminated groundwater in Taiwan. We cultured and identified arsenic-transforming bacteria, analyzed arsenic resistance and transformation, and determined the presence of genetic markers for arsenic transformation. In total, 11 arsenic-transforming bacterial strains with different colony morphologies and varying arsenic transformation abilities were isolated, including 10 facultative anaerobic arsenate-reducing bacteria and one strictly aerobic arsenite-oxidizing bacterium. All of the isolates exhibited high levels of arsenic resistance with minimum inhibitory concentrations of arsenic ranging from 2 to 200 mM. Strain AR-11 was able to rapidly oxidize arsenite to arsenate at concentrations relevant to environmental groundwater samples without the addition of any electron donors or acceptors. We provide evidence that arsenic-reduction activity may be conferred by the ars operon(s) that were not amplified by the designed primers currently in use. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis grouped the isolates into the following genera: Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Psychrobacter, Vibrio, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Bosea. Among these genera, we present the first report of the genus Psychrobacter being involved in arsenic reduction. Our results further support the hypothesis that bacteria capable of either oxidizing arsenite or reducing arsenate coexist and are ubiquitous in arsenic-contaminated groundwater.     

低温等离子体处理废液技术

低温等离子体技术包括热等离子体技术和冷等离子体技术。该技术处理废液具有范围广,快速,高交,无二次污染等优点,尤其对难降解有毒废液的处理,其先进性和优越性更为突出,被认为是21世纪环境污染物处理领域中最有发展前途的新技术之一。综述了低温等离子体处理废液技术的研究和应用进展,重点分析了冷等离子体技术处理难降解有机废液的作用机理,探讨了两种技术现存的主要问题,并指出了今后需要研究的方向。     

多级厌氧法处理螺旋霉素工业发酵菌渣效果的研究

通过自主设计的多级厌氧反应器系统来考察半连续处理螺旋霉素工业发酵菌渣的效果。该系统总反应体积为44L,由4个11L的升流式厌氧反应罐组成,罐体间采用串联方式连接。121d的连续运行周期分为3个阶段,各阶段的有机负荷率分别为1．27、1．82和2．73kgCOD／（m3·d）。全过程中主要监测了各级罐体的产气量和螺旋霉素的降解。结果表明,多级厌氧反应器系统启动初期会出现产气不稳定现象,经过2个月的运行之后系统达到稳定状态。在有机负荷达到2．73kgCOD／（m3·d）时,各级罐体仍能稳定运行,总产气的45％集中在1号罐。在系统启动初期,螺旋霉素不能被明显降解。运行约80d后,整个体系达到了快速降解螺旋霉素的状态,在2．73kgCOD／（m3·d）的有机负荷率下,螺旋霉素降解率达到97％,同时可溶性COD降解率也达到了90％。     

Study on carbon dioxide emission from reservoirs with different regulation types and its empirical prediction model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The construction of artificial reservoirs with various regulation types on river is currently an important form of comprehensive utilization of water...     

The kinetic of the catalytic decomposition of methyl isobutyl ketone over a Pt/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst

Environmental catalysis also can refer to catalytic technologies for reducing emission of environmentally unacceptable compounds. Catalytic decomposition also is one of the cost-effective technologies to solve the troublesome volatile organic compounds. This study treated methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) by a commercial catalyst, Pt/gamma-Al(2)O(3), in an isothermal fixed bed differential reactor. The effects of O(2) and MIBK content in carrier gas on the catalysis's reaction rate are also observed. Three kinetic models, i.e. the Mars and van Krevelen model, Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and power-rate law were applied to best fit the experimental results. The results indicate that the kinetic behavior of MIBK oxidation with catalysis can be accounted for by using the rate expression of the Mars and van Krevelen model and Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Kinetic parameters are also determined on the basis of the differential reactor data. The experimental results are compared with those of the model predicted.