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551.
In this study, we report the effects of pH and divalent cations on the adsorption of arsenate (As(V)) by titanium dioxide
(TiO2) nanoparticles. The extent of As(V) adsorption on TiO2 decreased with increasing pH due to the decrease of positively charged binding sites on the TiO2 surface. The Langmuir maximum uptake capacity at pH 4 is about three times higher than that at pH 7. Here we show that the
relatively low As(V) uptake at circumneutral pH could be substantially enhanced by the addition of common divalent cations
such as magnesium and calcium. At a concentration of approximately 7 mM, magnesium and calcium increased the extent of As(V)
adsorption from 2.1 to 6.5 and 7.7 mg As(V)/g TiO2, respectively. 相似文献
552.
Effects of cement on redistribution of trace metals and dissolution of organics in sewage sludge and its inorganic waste-amended products 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The suitability of using cement-stabilized sludge products as artificial soils in earth works was evaluated. The sludge products investigated were cemented sludge, cement-treated clay-amended sludge (SS+MC), and cement-treated copper slag-amended sludge (SS+CS). The leachability of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) were assessed using the sequential extraction technique, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), NEN 7341 availability test, and column leaching test. The results indicated that Zn leachability was reduced in all the cement-stabilized sludge products. In contrast, Cu was transferred from the organic fraction to the readily leachable phases in the cement-stabilized sludge products and therefore exhibited increased leachability. The increased Cu leachability could be attributed to dissolution of humic substances in the sludge as a result of elevated pH. Good correlation between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and heavy metal leaching from the cement-stabilized sludge products was observed in the column leaching experiment. Even with a cement percentage as small as 12.5%, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) was formed in the SS+MC and SS+CS products. Inclusion of the marine clay in the SS+MC products could reduce the leaching potentials of Zn, and this was the great advantage of the marine clay over the copper slag for sludge amendment. 相似文献
553.
554.
The benthic ecological structure of the Tan-Shui estuary, Taiwan is changed due to long term effects of dumping of urban wastewater and of engineering actions. to monitor these changes, we sampled and analyzed benthos and sediment from 12 stations on the estuary. The composition of the dominant species of benthos varied seasonally, with molluscan and crustacean species having greater numbers and higher frequencies of occurrence than other species. the dominant taxa during winter were Nassarius sp. and Maldanidae at two stations. Analysis using Simpson's index and Shannon's index showed the benthic community varied more in coastal areas than in offshore areas. Physicochemical analysis showed that most of the Tan-Shui estuary consisted of sandy sediment. the variations in concentrations of organic carbon and total nitrogen at each station were small. Although the concentrations of chlorophyll-a and carotenoid at all stations were generally low, the two stations had the highest concentrations, and we concluded that the concentration of pigments in these sediments was related to the abundance of benthos. the community structure of the benthos reflected the characteristics of the sediments, and benthic species exhibited selection of and adaptation to specific sedimentary environments. 相似文献
555.
紫外光消毒法是一种重要的污水深度处理方法,消毒器内部辐射强度的分布情况、微生物的停留时间及其运动轨迹对灭菌效果起着至关重要的作用。本文首次在国内系统介绍了采用计算流体动力学(CFD)手段对紫外光消毒器进行数值模拟研究的理论基础和技术路线,指出辐射强度的计算和停留时间的确定是其中的关键。以特定结构的紫外光消毒器为对象,对其内部流场进行了模拟计算,讨论了挡板位置不同所引起的消毒器内部速度场的变化情况;应用离散坐标辐射模型(DO)对紫外光辐射强度分布进行了模拟,同时加入离散粒子模型(DPM)来模拟消毒器内微生物的停留时长和运动轨迹,为最终计算微生物所受紫外光辐射剂量奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献
556.
为了深入探究水包气式气液混合脉冲放电体系中各参数对有机物降解效果的影响,建立了多针一板电极形式的气液混合脉冲放电等离子体体系,以典型的偶氮染料——酸性橙Ⅱ(A07)为目标物,考察该体系中影响染料脱色效果的关键因素。研究结果表明,气液混合脉冲放电体系中与脉冲电源输入功率有关的因素(脉冲电压峰值和脉冲频率)对A07脱色效果影响明显。随着脉冲电压峰值和脉冲频率的增加,A07溶液的脱色效率和相应的准一级降解动力学常数增加。在较高的脉冲电压峰值(30kV)和脉冲频率(75Hz)条件下,10mg/LA07溶液的脱色效率和准一级降解动力学常数分别达到r92.7%和3.50×10~/min。同时,研究证明酸性溶液条件较利于染料脱色。 相似文献
557.
558.
The kinetics of catalytic incineration of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide over an MnO/Fe2O3 catalyst 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The catalytic incineration of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide [(CH3)2S and (CH3)2S2] over an MnO/Fe2O3 catalyst was carried out in a bench-scale catalytic incinerator. Three kinetic models (i.e., the power-rate law, the Mars and Van Krevelen model, and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model) were used to analyze the results. A differential reactor design was used for best fit of kinetic models in this study. The results show that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model may be feasible to describe the catalytic incineration of (CH3)2S and (CH3)2S2. This suggests that the chemical adsorption of O2 molecules is important in this incineration. 相似文献
559.
560.
Denitrification controls in urban riparian soils: implications for reducing urban nonpoint source nitrogen pollution 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yangjie Li Zhenlou Chen Huanjie Lou Dongqi Wang Huanguang Deng Chu Wang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(17):10174-10185
The purpose of this research was to thoroughly analyze the influences of environmental factors on denitrification processes in urban riparian soils. Besides, the study was also carried out to identify whether the denitrification processes in urban riparian soils could control nonpoint source nitrogen pollution in urban areas. The denitrification rates (DR) over 1 year were measured using an acetylene inhibition technique during the incubation of intact soil cores from six urban riparian sites, which could be divided into three types according to their vegetation. The soil samples were analyzed to determine the soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), C/N ratio, extractable NO3 ?-N and NH4 +-N, pH value, soil water content (SWC), and the soil nitrification potential to evaluate which of these factors determined the final outcome of denitrification. A nitrate amendment experiment further indicated that the riparian DR was responsive to added nitrate. Although the DRs were very low (0.099?~?33.23 ng N2O-N g?1 h?1) due to the small amount of nitrogen moving into the urban riparian zone, the spatial and temporal patterns of denitrification differed significantly. The extractable NO3 ?-N proved to be the dominant factor influencing the spatial distribution of denitrification, whereas the soil temperature was a determinant of the seasonal DR variation. The six riparian sites could also be divided into two types (a nitrate-abundant and a nitrate-stressed riparian system) according to the soil NO3 ?-N concentration. The DR in nitrate-abundant riparian systems was significantly higher than that in the nitrate-stressed riparian systems. The DR in riparian zones that were covered with bushes and had adjacent cropland was higher than in grass-covered riparian sites. Furthermore, the riparian DR decreased with soil depth, which was mainly attributed to the concentrated nitrate in surface soils. The DR was not associated with the SOC, STN, C/N ratio, and pH. Nitrate supply and temperature finally decided the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of urban riparian denitrification. Considering both the low DR of existing riparian soils and the significance of nonpoint source nitrogen pollution, the substantial denitrification potential of urban riparian soils should be utilized to reduce nitrogen pollution using proper engineering measures that would collect the polluted urban rainfall runoff and make it flow through the riparian zones. 相似文献