Fluoride removal performance of a novel Fe-Al-Ce trimetal oxide adsorbent

A trimetal oxide was developed as a fluoride adsorbent by coprecipitation of Fe(II), Al(III) and Ce(IV) salt solutions with a molar ratio of 1:4:1 under alkaline condition. The material retained amorphous structure and maintained relatively stable fluoride adsorption performance at calcination temperatures lower than 600 degrees C. The optimum pH range for fluoride adsorption was 6.0-6.5 and the adsorbent also showed high defluoridation ability around pH 5.5-7.0, which is preferable for actual application. A high fluoride adsorption capacity of 178 mg g(-1) was acquired under an equilibrium fluoride concentration of 84.5 mg l(-1), adsorbent dose of 150 mg l(-1) and pH 7.0. The adsorption isotherm could be better described by the two-site Langmuir model than the one-site model, suggesting the existence of two types of active sites on the adsorbent surface. Coexistence of high concentrations of phosphate or arsenate only led to partial inhibition of fluoride adsorption, which further suggests the existence of heterogeneous adsorption sites. Sulfate and chloride did not affect fluoride adsorption, and nitrate influenced it only when the concentration of NO(3)(-)-N exceeded 50 mg l(-1). A high desorption efficiency of 97% was achieved by treating fluoride loaded Fe-Al-Ce oxide with NaOH solution at pH 12.2. A column experiment using the adsorbent fabricated into 1mm pellets was performed at an initial fluoride concentration of 5.5 mg l(-1), space velocity of 5h(-1) and pH of 5.8, and 2240 bed volumes were treated with the effluent fluoride under 1.0 mg l(-1).     

Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes in water at sub-ng l-1 levels by solid-phase microextraction coupled to cryo-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A trace analytical method of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in water has been developed by using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to cryo-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The chromatographic peak shape for BTEX was improved by using cryo-trap equipment. The HS-SPME experimental procedures to extract BTEX from water were optimized with a 75 microm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS)-coated fiber at a sodium chloride concentration of 267 g l(-1), extraction for 15 min at 25 degrees C and desorption at 290 degrees C for 2 min. Good linearity was verified in a range of 0.0001-50 microg l(-1) for each analyte (r(2)=0.996-0.999). The limits of detection (LODs) of BTEX in water reached at sub-ng l(-1) levels. LODs of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene and o-xylene were 0.04, 0.02, 0.05, 0.01 and 0.02 ng l(-1), respectively. The proposed analytical method was successfully used for the quantification of trace BTEX in ground water. The results indicate that HS-SPME coupled to cryo-trap GC-MS is an effective tool for analysis of BTEX in water samples at the sub-ng l(-1) level.     

粉煤灰合成分子筛及处理含氟废水的研究

实验利用工业废渣——循环流化床粉煤灰合成出较高结晶度的X型和P型分子筛,合成过程无须高温焙烧预处理.通过XRD分析表征,发现该法合成分子筛结晶度较高,X型和P型分子筛相对结晶度分别达68%～75%和55%.实验应用合成分子筛进行载铁改性,并对NaF模拟的工业含氟废水进行了除氟实验.结果表明,载铁X型分子筛处理工业含氟废水效果良好,除氟率可达74%～98%,除氟容量达25.0～30.0 mg/g.在处理含氟废水过程中,载铁合成分子筛与其他除氟剂相比较,具有除氟率高、除氟容量大、反应迅速的特点.     

碱性工业废水在燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫中的应用

阐述了碱性工业废水脱硫的机理以及p H值、液气比、进气SO2浓度等对脱硫效率的影响。利用碱性工业废水对燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫,其脱硫效率平均可达70%～80%。     

可见光均相氧化法降解吖啶橙染料的特性

一种难降解的染料吖啶橙 (AO)在可见光照射下的 photo-Fenton降解实验结果表明 ,在三价铁离子和双氧水存在下吖啶橙可以被降解 ,且可见光可以极大地加快降解的速度 .另外 ,还对降解过程中的 pH、Fe²⁺以及草酸盐和表面活性剂对降解速度的影响进行了研究 ,发现草酸盐的加入降低了降解速度而表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (DBS)提高了降解的速度 .     

高炉粉尘在铁浴熔融还原发泡过程的研究

确定了在不同条件下铁水熔池熔融还原高炉粉尘发泡过程的曲线.应用试验数据和发泡性能方程,给出了定量描述内生气源发泡过程的发泡和消泡系数、平均发泡寿命和发泡强度等发泡特性参数.由实验结果建议熔池的温度控制在1500℃左右.熔渣中二元碱度在1.2～1.3的范围内,Al₂O₃的含量一般要低于16%,加入高炉粉尘的量不应超过熔渣重量的一半.     

惠州西湖沉积物营养盐的释放

惠州西湖为典型的南亚热带城市浅水湖泊,位于惠州市中心区域,近年来已采取了截留城市污水、引清水等治理措施,但西湖水体仍处于富营养化状态.以惠州西湖沉积物为研究对象,采用实验室原状泥柱静态培养法对惠州西湖各子湖沉积物氨氮和反应磷的释放通量进行了研究.结果表明,惠州西湖沉积物中氨氮(NH4 -N)释放通量为-31.64~69.73 mg·m-2 ·d-1,不同湖区释放通量差异较大,总体上沉积物为水中氨氮的源;各湖区沉积物中的反应磷(PO43-P)的平均释放通量为-6.42~-0.80 mg·m-2·d-1,惠州西湖沉积物为水中磷的汇.研究结果可为惠州西湖水质管理和生态修复提供科学依据.     

长期单施NK肥条件下几种典型土壤磷的演化

为探讨我国典型土壤长期单施氮钾肥对土壤全磷和Olsen-P磷的影响,研究了不同气候条件、不同耕作制度下,7种典型土壤类型长期定位试验单施氮钾肥下土壤全磷和Olsen-P变化及其影响因素.结果表明,在长期单施氮钾肥条件下,除杭州水稻土全磷含量稳定在1.0g·kg-1左右外,其余6种耕作土壤全磷含量和土壤Olsen-P均呈显著下降趋势,全磷含量下降幅度在13.6%～44.9%之间;土壤Olsen-P下降速率比全磷高几倍,Olsen-P下降有一定阈值,这一阈值大约为5 mg·kg-1.土壤全磷含量与土壤Olsen-P含量呈极显著直线相关关系.因此,长期单施氮钾肥在很大程度上减少了土壤磷素养分库.     

声波清灰技术在袋式除尘器上的应用

利用声波清灰技术替代袋式除尘器传统的反吹、机械振打等清灰方式。运行结果表明:该技术运行可靠,维护量低,经济实用,解决了袋式除尘器易损坏,维护量大等问题。     

某城镇简易垃圾场封场设计实例

分析了简易垃圾场封场技术路线,针对徐州铜山二堡简易垃圾堆场存在的主要问题,从工程建设和实际出发,结合环保要求,制定了适宜该简易垃圾堆场的封场治理方案。