用超声波无损检测技术检测混凝土的厚度

使用普通的超声换能器,用高频率换能器作发射端,低频率换能器作接收端,通过互相关谱分析,可以得到反射声波的到时,从而计算得到混凝土的厚度。实验表明,本方法对混凝土厚度的测量具有较高的精度和可靠性。     

上海地区开发利用木本能源植物初探

阐述了能源植物的概念、开发利用能源植物的意义，以及能源植物的发展现状和趋势。重点论述了上海地区开发利用木本能源植物的必要性、可行性，并就如何开发利用木本能源植物提出了相关建议。     

西部大开发的可持续发展之路:绿色GDP

本文系统阐述了绿色GDP理论，介绍了我国西部地区的生态环境现状，结合我国西部大开发战略的实施，论述了在西部大开发中，应用绿色GDP来衡量其发展的重要性。     

晋西黄土高原水资源植被承载力分析及对策建议

干旱缺水始终是黄土高原地区林业水资源管理面临的难题. 为了探究造成黄土高原地区林水失衡的主要原因,以2009—2012年晋西黄土高原蔡家川流域油松人工林树干液流量与土壤水分长期连续定位观测数据为基础,采用土壤有效水与单株油松耗水量的比值来衡量该区域水资源植被承载力. 结果表明:①在油松人工林实际密度(1 300株/hm2)下,油松人工林过度耗水是深层土壤干化的主要原因;降水量是决定水资源植被承载力的主要环境因子,降水量越大,油松人工林地的水资源植被承载力就越高. ②根据构建的降水量-水资源植被承载力拟合方程,在当地年均降水量为576 mm条件下,研究区20 a林龄油松人工林地水资源植被承载力为1 084株/hm2,而油松人工林地的实际密度远大于该水资源植被承载力. 在黄土高原地区,人工林密度过高是造成深层土壤干化、植被退化等生态恶化的主要原因. 因此,将人工林密度控制在当地水资源植被承载力范围之内,是减少林地深层土壤水分消耗、调节林地水平衡的重要措施.      

基于VBA的电网调度数据综合管理平台的开发

为提高电力生产各类报表报送的正确率和及时性,基于 VBA(Visual Basic for Appli-cations)语言开发了“调度数据综合管理平台”,实现各类报表的自动生成,解决电网调度员在报表填报中易产生的数据填报错误、报表上报延误、与电网调度业务互相干扰等问题。应用结果表明:“调度数据综合管理平台”有效提高了数据报送的正确率和及时性,为国网宁夏电力公司顺利完成国家电网公司同业对标指标奠定了良好基础。     

Natural and synthesised iron-rich amendments for As and Pb immobilisation in agricultural soil

The immobilisation of heavy metals in contaminated soils is a promising alternative to conventional remediation techniques. Very few studies have focused on the use of iron-rich nanomaterials and natural materials for the adsorption of toxic metals in soils. Synthesised iron-rich nanomaterials (Fe and Zr–Fe oxides) and natural iron-rich materials (natural red earth; NRE) were used to immobilise As and Pb in contaminated agricultural soil. Total concentrations of As and Pb in the initial soil (as control) were 170.76 and 1945.11 mg kg^?1, respectively. Amendments were applied into the soil at 1, 2.5 and 5% (w/w) in triplicate and incubated for 150 days. Except for the NRE-amended soil, soil pH decreased from 5.6 to 4.9 with increasing application rates of Fe and Zr–Fe oxides. With addition of Fe and Zr–Fe oxides at 5%, the ammonium acetate (NHO₄Ac)-extractable Pb was greatly decreased by 83 and 65% compared with NRE addition (43%). All subjected amendments also led to a decrease in NHO₄Ac-extractable As in the soils, indicating the high capacity of As immobilisation. Soil amended with NRE showed a lower ratio of cy19:0 to 18:1ω7c, indicating decreased microbial stress. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure produced results similar to the NHO₄Ac extraction for As and Pb. The NRE addition is recommended for immobilising heavy metals and maintaining biological soil properties.     

Research progress on electromagnetic radiation in gas-containing coal and rock fracture and its applications

This paper reviews the status quo of the research on electromagnetic radiation in gas-containing coal and rock fracture. It focuses mainly on the electromagnetic radiation phenomena, the generation mechanism, characteristics, law of change and experimental applications in the field. Based on the authors’ research work in the past decade, detailed discussions are made with respect to the engineering applications of electromagnetic radiation spectrum, law of transmission and signal collection of gas-containing coal and rock. Furthermore, the paper gives the prospect of electromagnetic radiation effects in coal and rock fracture and its applications.     

煤矿工人常见的呼吸系统疾病及防护

文章介绍了煤矿工人常见的呼吸系统疾病,并从加强职业安全卫生监督、改革工艺、宣传教育、定期体检等多个方面提出了干预措施,为今后保障煤炭工人的健康提出科学依据。     

Simultaneous removal of NOx and chlorobenzene on V2O5/TiO2 granular catalyst: Kinetic study and performance prediction

• A V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst for simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene. • Catalyst synthesized by vanadyl acetylacetonate showed good activity and stability. • The kinetic model was established and the synergetic activity was predicted. • Both chlorobenzene oxidation and SCR of NO follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. • The work is of much value to design of multi-pollutants emission control system. The synergetic abatement of multi-pollutants is one of the development trends of flue gas pollution control technology, which is still in the initial stage and facing many challenges. We developed a V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst and established the kinetic model for the simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene (i.e., an important precursor of dioxins). The granular catalyst synthesized using vanadyl acetylacetonate precursor showed good synergistic catalytic performance and stability. Although the SCR reaction of NO and the oxidation reaction of chlorobenzene mutually inhibited, the reaction order of each reaction was not considerably affected, and the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics was still followed. The performance prediction of this work is of much value to the understanding and reasonable design of a catalytic system for multi-pollutants (i.e., NO and dioxins) emission control.