Land-use induced changes in topsoil organic carbon stock of paddy fields using MODIS and TM/ETM analysis: A case study ofWujiang County, China

Topsoil soil organic carbon (SOC) that plays an important role in mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO_2) buildup is greatly affected by human activities.To evaluate the influence of land-use changes on SOC stocks in paddy soils,a new algorithm was developed by integrating MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectral-radiometer) and TM/ETM data for timely monitoring the land-use change in Wujiang County.Thereafter,the land-use class-maps derived from MODIS and TM/ETM analyses were further used to est...     

延迟焦化装置污水回收利用的实践

武汉分公司延迟焦化装置于1998年建成投产,处理量为40×104 t/a,2003年处理量扩大到100×104 t/a.装置外排污水一直是污水治理难点,含油污水的重质污油多次造成堵塞污水管线和污水处理场细菌大面积死亡的事故,外排的工业废水和雨水也对周边环境造成污染.     

混合表面活性剂对植物吸收有机氯农药的影响

以水培体系模拟研究了阴-非离子混合表面活性剂SDBS-TX100对黑麦草吸收有机氯农药（OCPs）p,p＇-DDT和γ-HCH的影响.结果发现,在SDBS与TX100物质的量比（以下简称＂配比＂）为0：10,1：9,5：5,9：1时,能促进黑麦草吸收积累OCPs.SDBS-TX100增强黑麦草吸收OCPs的程度与混合表...     

Effects of overlying water aeration on phosphorus fractions and alkaline phosphatase activity in surface sediment

Microbial activity may influence phosphorus (P) deposit and release at the water sediment interface. The properties of DO (dissolved oxygen), pH, P fractions (TP, Ca-P, Fe-P, OP, IP), and APA (alkaline phosphatase activity) at the water sediment interface were measured to investigate microbial activity variations in surface sediment under conditions of two-month intermittent aeration in overlying water. Results showed that DO and TP of overlying water increased rapidly in the first week and then decreased gradually after 15 day of intermittent aeration. Microorganism metabolism in surface sediment increased pH and decreased DO and TP in the overlying water. After two-month intermittent aeration, APA and OP from surface sediment (0–2 cm) were both significantly higher than those from bottom sediment (6–8 cm) (p < 0.05), and surface sediment Fe-P was transferred to OP during the course of microorganism reproduction on the surface sediment. These results suggest that microbial activity and microorganism biomass from the surface sediment were higher than those from bottom sediment after two-month intermittent aeration in the overlying water.     

Effect of crystalline structure on terbuthylazine degradation by H2O2-assisted TiO2 photocatalysis under visible irradiation

Various methods for shifting the optical response of TiO₂ into the visible (Vis) range have been reported. Herein, we reported the application of a TiO₂/H₂O₂/Vis process and the effects of TiO2 crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine. The results indicated that TiO₂ crystalline structure and H₂O₂ addition had significant effects on terbuthylazine degradation: its degradation rate could be increased from 7% to 70% with H₂O₂ addition after 180?min of reaction, the synergistic degradation of terbuthylazine by TiO₂-Fe^{3 +} was substantially accelerated, with the degradation rate reaching up to 100% after 20?min of reaction, and rutile TiO₂ showed better photocatalytic activity and a more obvious synergistic effect than anatase TiO₂. The addition of free-radical scavengers (tert-butyl alcohol or methanol) inhibited the degradation efficiency of rutile TiO₂, but had a relatively minor effect on anatase TiO₂. Fluorescence spectrophotometry analysis indicated that hydroxyl free radicals could be continuously produced when using rutile TiO₂ as the photocatalyst. Degradation of terbuthylazine catalyzed by rutile TiO₂ occurred mainly in solution, but occurred on the particle surface of the photocatalyst when catalyzed by anatase TiO₂. This study provides new insight into the role of TiO₂ crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine and its photocatalytic degradation mechanism.     

Adsorption of benzene, cyclohexane and hexane on ordered mesoporous carbon

Ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC) with high specific surface area and large pore volume was synthesized and tested for use as an adsorbent for volatile organic compound(VOC)disposal. Benzene, cyclohexane and hexane were selected as typical adsorbates due to their different molecular sizes and extensive utilization in industrial processes. In spite of their structural differences, high adsorption amounts were achieved for all three adsorbates, as the pore size of OMC is large enough for the access of these VOCs. In addition, the unusual bimodal-like pore size distribution gives the adsorbates a higher diffusion rate compared with conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve. Kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption barriers mainly originated from the difficulty of VOC vapor molecules entering the pore channels of adsorbents. Therefore, its superior adsorption ability toward VOCs, together with a high diffusion rate, makes the ordered mesoporous carbon a promising potential adsorbent for VOC disposal.     

青藏高原高寒草甸地区大气CO_2浓度变化特征

大气CO2浓度的长期连续观测是研究全球和区域碳循环过程及其气候和环境效应的重要基础.利用基于非色散红外吸收光谱法(NDIR)的大气CO2在线观测系统,于2012年3月—2013年2月在青海门源大气背景站对青藏高原高寒草甸地区大气φ(CO2)进行了连续观测.结果表明:1观测期间,门源站大气φ(CO2)波动较大,其背景值出现频率为59%,背景值平均为391.2×10-6,低于2012年全球平均值(393.1×10-6);受排放源和吸收汇影响的φ(CO2)非背景值出现频率分别为25%和16%,二者平均值分别为401.1×10-6和380.7×10-6.2夏季φ(CO2)日变幅最大,达到28.9×10-6;春季、夏季、秋季、冬季φ(CO2)最高值分别出现在08:00、07:00、08:00和11:00,最低值均出现在16:00.3门源站φ(CO2)背景值季节变化明显,最高值出现在1月,月均值为397.7×10-6;最低值出现在8月,月均值为381.0×10-6.4不同季节φ(CO2)-风玫瑰图分析结果显示,春季、夏季、秋季φ(CO2)高值主要出现在W-NW-N扇区,冬季高值主要出现在SE-S-SW扇区.门源站大气φ(CO2)的季节变化特征主要是排放源、吸收汇以及地面风共同作用的结果.     

浮顶油罐一二次密封空间内油气分布及爆炸压力模拟

浮顶油罐一二次密封空间内处于爆炸极限范围内的油气在雷击作用下可导致爆炸起火事故。为研究浮顶油罐一二次密封空间内的油气分布规律,在实验室建立了浮顶油罐试验模型,通过设计相关试验,对不同环境下一二次密封空间内的油气积聚情况进行检测,对处于爆炸极限范围内的油气进行爆炸压力模拟。结果表明:风速、风向对一二次密封空间内的油气积聚有着关键的影响;风压对爆炸压力也有重要的影响,在风压影响下,爆炸压力峰值变大,此时油气体积分数大于3%的油气发生爆炸,其冲击压力可破坏一次密封,引燃油品,引起重大事故。     

In Situ Compatibilization of Isotactic Polypropylene and High-Density Polyethylene by a Melt Cobranching Reaction

Incompatible polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) are difficult to separate in mixed recycling streams such as waste plastic packaging, which makes polyolefin mixtures unsuitable for high-quality products. In this work, based on the free radical branching reaction, a co-branching reaction of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends was carried out in the presence of the peroxide, free radical regulator and multifunctional acrylate monomer, and a star-like long-chain branching (LCB) copolymer was obtained. The effect of in situ compatibilization on the structures and mechanical properties of iPP/HDPE was investigated, and the compatibilization mechanism was discussed. Results showed that the mechanical properties of the modified blends were largely improved, and efficient in-situ compatibilization of iPP and HDPE could be taken place in a wide process window. Moreover, the sizes of the dispersed phase in the modified blends were clearly decreased, and the interfacial thickness increased. Compared with the pure iPP/HDPE blend, the initial crystallization temperature of iPP in the modified iPP/HDPE blend was increased, and long branched chains of the LCB copolymers were physically entangled with the chemical identical homopolymers or even participated in the crystallization of iPP and HDPE. Thanks to the in situ compatibilization strategy, the compatibility of iPP/HDPE was significantly improved.

     

铸造起重机主起升机构安全制动器的研究与应用

为更好地推进安全制动器的使用,对大型铸造起重机主起升机构安全制动器的设置进行了研究,通过安全性分析,指出不同主起升机构布置形式对安全可靠性的影响,系统阐述了应采取的措施和故障检测、逻辑判断方法,明确了制动控制参数和日常维护保养要点,对技术改造和实际应用具有良好的示范作用。