基于数值模拟的2015年11月东北极端重污染过程成因的定量评估

2015年11月中上旬,我国东北地区经历了一系列连续重污染过程,其污染程度之高、影响范围之广、持续时间之长历史罕见.本文综合利用空气质量监测资料、遥感卫星资料、数值模式等方法手段探究了此次连续重污染事件的成因,并运用敏感性分析方法首次定量评估了各污染原因对PM_2.5浓度的贡献比重.结果表明,受阻塞高压控制、中低层强逆温、地面高湿度低风速等不利扩散条件可使PM_2.5浓度在污染过程中升高30%~50%;采暖季污染排放显著增强可使PM_2.5浓度整体升高100~200 μg·m^-3,重污染过程中对局部地区贡献达50%~70%;污染传输通道上游捕捉到的秸秆焚烧也可使局部地区PM_2.5浓度增加75~100 μg·m^-3,对PM_2.5浓度的平均贡献率为10%~20%.研究表明,不利扩散条件、采暖季污染源的加强排放及冬季的秸秆焚烧是引发此次高浓度PM_2.5的三大原因.本研究可为我国东北地区大气污染问题治理提供有益参考,也可帮助民众认知污染成因.     

南京上空大气边界层的激光雷达观测研究

为了研究南京地区大气边界层结构的变化特征,利用2010年11月到2011年10月期间米散射激光雷达对南京上空大气散射特性的连续观测资料,通过小波协方差法得到了该地区的大气边界层高度,分析了其日变化和季节变化特性以及夹卷层的日变化特性,并讨论了引起这些变化的原因,得到以下主要结论:南京上空边界层具有典型的日变化特征以及季节变化特征,夜晚低(小于0.5 km),白天高(大于1 km);最大混合层高度春季高(1.77 km),冬季低(1.34 km);边界层的日变化以及最大混合层高度与地表温度存在明显的正相关,与地表的相对湿度存在负相关;云层可以有效的降低最大混合层高度并且使最大混合层高度出现的时间提前。     

建筑工人安全参与行为演化博弈分析

为探究建筑工人安全参与行为机制,提高建筑工人参与安全活动的积极性,有效预防建筑行业事故.本文结合实地调研情况,采用系统动力学分析建筑工人参与安全行为的演化关系,以有限理性为前提,动态构建建筑企业和建筑工人安全参与的演化博弈模型;然后通过系统动力学软件Vensim对建筑工人安全参与行为演化路径进行模拟仿真.模拟结果表明:促进建筑工人安全参与,首要前提是建筑企业要建立安全参与激励与引导机制;同时建筑企业应大力支持,保障激励资金落实;建筑企业管理层认识到工人安全参与的重要性,能够切实有效地推动建筑工人主动参与,可为促进建筑企业安全绩效提供借鉴.     

“Ox增减量”O3人工订正预报方法与应用

为满足环境管理部门"O₃污染过程不漏、AQI类别准确和AQI范围预报准确"的要求,基于大气箱式模型和相似案例分析,引入O_x指标原创性提出"O_x增减量"O₃人工订正预报方法。介绍了该方法的预报思路、预报要点和步骤、历史相似案例库构建与基于大气条件预报的判别分析、方法普适性和局限性等,以期为提高区域、城市O₃业务预报准确率提供技术参考。以东部沿海城市青岛市为研究案例,结果显示,2020年6—9月24 h人工订正AQI类别预报、AQI范围预报准确率分别为91%和68%,比同期业务化运行的WRF-Chem数值模式预报准确率分别提高19%和25%,应用该预报方法可有效提高O₃污染过程预报准确率。     

Optimal recycle price game theory model for second-hand mobile phone recycling

Human societies develop rapidly through the advancement of technology; however, with these advancements, many problems are emerging. The topic chosen for this study surrounds the e-waste, which has become a major problem around the world. Second-hand and unused mobile phones are a big part of globally generated e-waste. If these devices are properly recycled, they can generate substantial economic and resource value. Yet if they are indiscriminately discarded, they cause a profound environmental impact. Given the current low recovery rate of mobile phones, an increase in recovery rates becomes critical in lessening economic and environmental impacts. Based on the status quo of second-hand mobile phone recycling processes in China, this article analyzes the behavior of individuals and recyclers through a comprehensive static information game theory and finds ways to increase the recycling rate of second-hand mobile phones. The study helps the customers, to clearly identify the recycle price. In case of market, the government policy can be introduced with a reward and punishment mechanism. Furthermore, under the ideological guidance of game theory, this paper also establishes a corresponding price model of second-hand mobile phone recycling based on best response dynamics like search, variable neighborhood search, and hybrid meta-heuristic method. This model shows that the recovery time differences have a significant impact on the recovery price. Moreover, to an extent, this model can promote the possibility and initiative of customers choosing cell phone recycling.

     

Design and mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation for the removal of air pollutants: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Nitric oxide, ammonia and volatile organic compounds are common air pollutants which need to be removed for health security. To reach ultra-low emission standards,...     

Identification of rural regional poverty type based on spatial multi-criteria decision-making—taking Gansu Province,an underdeveloped area in China,as an example

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The accurate identification of poverty types in rural areas is a national strategic need for poverty targeting and overall poverty alleviation. In this...     

全国光化学监测网络建设面临的问题分析及策略初探

当前中国大气污染形势依然严峻,挥发性有机物作为臭氧的重要前体物之一,对环境空气质量的影响日益突出.建设全国重点区域光化学监测网络,可为全面加强挥发性有机物污染防治工作和有效监测光化学污染提供基础监测平台.笔者通过分析中国光化学监测的现状和面临的挑战,探讨了中国光化学监测网络建设的发展思路,并提出了各层级环境监测单位、科...     

The double-edged role of the digital economy in firm green innovation: micro-evidence from Chinese manufacturing industry

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The digital economy, which gradually emerged with a new generation of information technologies, has become an unavoidable reality for manufacturing...