基于实例的系统聚类分析法在环境空气质量评价中的应用

基于系统聚类分析理论,介绍系统聚类最短距离法在环境空气质量评价中的应用。系统考虑影响环境空气质量的各种因素,在数据标准化处理的基础上,通过距离计算,达到对环境空气质量的系统分类,为制定区域环境综合治理措施和环境规划提供科学依据。     

白洋淀水生食物链BHC、DDT生物浓缩分析

为了评价ＢＨＣ和ＤＤＴ在水生食物链的生物累积放大效应,对白洋淀地区端村水域生态系统水生生物对六六六、ＤＤＴ的富集沿食物生物营养等级而递增的规律性较强（当年生鲫鱼例外）,水体,底泥水生维管束植物,浮游动物、底栖动物,当年生鲫鱼及２龄乌鳢体内六六六残留量分别为：０．３μｇ／Ｌ,０．７μｇ／ｋｇ,１９．０μｇ／ｋｇ,３０．０μｇ／ｋｇ,６０．９μｇ／ｋｇ,１７．２μｇ／ｋｇ、１１０．７μｇ／ｋｇ,ＤＤＴ     

静电放电对电火工品作用机理分析与试验研究

在分析电火工品静电作用机理的基础上,利用瞬态脉冲试验原理研究了静电放电对电火工品的性能影响。分析了因电火工品个体差异导致分组不均给试验带来的影响,提出用瞬态脉冲试验得到的温升参数对样品进行分组,以保证试验样品的一致性。研究结果表明,经过静电放电试验后,电火工品温升值变大,平均作用时间变长。说明可以用瞬态脉冲试验法检测经静电放电后电火工品的性能变化。     

生态县评价体系及持续发展战略的研究

在生态县规划研究中,以复合生态系统理论为指南,探讨了生态县的内涵和评价标体系,并确定了以生态农业为基础,以生态型工业为主导,以社会调控为保障,依靠科技进步,寓环境建设于经济社会发展之中的建设生态县的战略,在近年实践中初见成效。     

卡瓦胡椒素B对人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的抑制作用

卡瓦胡椒素B是药用植物卡瓦胡椒根中的一种天然查耳酮类化合物,研究了其对人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的增殖抑制作用及其诱导细胞凋亡的分子机制.实验结果显示,卡瓦胡椒素B能显著抑制非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的增殖,且随着药物浓度的增加、处理时间的延长其抑制作用呈明显的剂量时间效应;同时,卡瓦胡椒素B能显著诱导A549细胞凋亡、细胞周期阻滞于G2-M期;分子机制研究表明,卡瓦胡椒素B能通过活化JNK激酶活性、下调凋亡抑制蛋白survivin的表达以及激活PARP活性从而导致其对A549细胞的增殖抑制作用.结果表明卡瓦胡椒素B对人非小细胞肺癌的预防与治疗可能具有潜在价值.     

冷藏技术对发光细菌活性及毒性测试性能的影响

由于发光细菌的在线毒性监测技术受到了细菌生物活性稳定性保持问题的制约,探索一种脱脂牛奶菌悬液冷藏复苏方法,以提高发光细菌活性的保持时间。比较了明亮发光杆菌新鲜菌液冷藏、冻干粉菌悬液冷藏和脱脂牛奶菌悬液冷藏对发光细菌生物活性的影响,同时,比较了不同渗透压调节液对菌悬液急性毒性测试的灵敏度和稳定性的影响。结果表明,质量分数为25%的脱脂牛奶可提高发光细菌生物活性的稳定性,菌悬液冷藏7d后复苏,相对发光率仍可达92%。2%NaCl和10%蔗糖为渗透压调节液时,冷藏至第7天的发光细菌脱脂牛奶菌悬液对重金属毒性测试的灵敏度,与新鲜菌液基本相同,但添加蔗糖降低了其对有机物的测试灵敏度。利用发光细菌脱脂牛奶冷藏菌悬液对Zn~(2+)进行连续7d的毒性测试,EC_(50)的变异系数小于15%,结果稳定性良好。     

水样中挥发酚测定的边界条件探讨

在环境水质监测中,水中挥发酚的测定是最重要的有机监测项目。水样测定中首选测定方法是4-氨基安替比林光度法。在水样预处理和分析操作过程中,既要严格执行操作技术规程,更要充分考虑分析过程中的关键技术、边界条件等一些因素的影响,特别要考虑4-氨基安替比林的空白值、显色剂的稳定性、pH值的影响及缓冲液的使用等以保证实验的顺利进行和分析数据真实准确有效。     

临江灌区工程环境影响评价中盐分平衡的分析与计算

灌区盐分平衡状态的分析与计算是灌区工程环境影响评价工作中的重要内容之一。通过以临江灌区工程为例,详细分析和计算了该灌区建成前后的盐分平衡状况,为灌区生态与环境保护提供了科学依据。盐分平衡动态过程的分析应建立在灌区水量平衡的基础上,应获取灌区土壤、地表水、地下水、灌区水源水以及灌区排水中的盐分浓度,同时还应获取灌区建成前后化肥使用量变化、地表生物量的累积变化以及生物质中的盐分含量等相关参数。文中所提供的灌区盐分平衡分析与计算方法对丰富农林水利类工程的环境影响评价理论具有参考意义。     

A review on submarine oil and gas leakage in near field: droplets and plume

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill remains the largest catastrophic release of oil and gas into the deep sea. The irrupted oil and gas substantially impact a marine ecosystem, cause human injury, and have high societal opinions. Therefore, understanding the transport and dispersion of subsurface hydrocarbon provides an imperative substratum for the practical assessment and response of marine oil spill accidents. In this review, we summarize the major advances since the Deepwater Horizon accident, with emphasis on the observation and modeling of the droplet and the formation and dynamics of the plume. Additional complexity including more than the investigation of gas-saturated oil at high-pressure and the effect of Earth’s rotation on near field plume is also outlined. We end with a few outlooks on key priorities for more precisely estimations on future oil spills.

     

Estimating the impact of seawater on the production of soil water-extractable organic carbon during coastal erosion

The production of water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) during arctic coastal erosion and permafrost degradation may contribute significantly to C fluxes under warming conditions, but it remains difficult to quantify. A tundra soil collected near Barrow, AK, was selected to evaluate the effects of soil pretreatments (oven drying vs. freeze drying) as well as extraction solutions (pure water vs. seawater) on WEOC yields. Both oven drying and freeze drying significantly increased WEOC release compared with the original moist soil samples; dried samples released, on average, 18% more WEOC than did original moist samples. Similar results were observed for the production of low-molecular-weight dissolved organic C. However, extractable OC released from different soil horizons exhibited differences in specific UV absorption, suggesting differences in WEOC quality. Furthermore, extractable OC yields were significantly less in samples extracted with seawater compared with those extracted with pure water, likely due to the effects of major ions on extractable OC flocculation. Compared with samples from the active horizons, upper permafrost samples released more WEOC, suggesting that continuously frozen samples were more sensitive than samples that had experienced more drying-wetting cycles in nature. Specific UV absorption of seawater-extracted OC was significantly lower than that of OC extracted using pure water, suggesting more aromatic or humic substances were flocculated during seawater extraction. Our results suggest that overestimation of total terrestrial WEOC input to the Arctic Ocean during coastal erosion could occur if estimations were based on WEOC extracted from dried soil samples using pure water.