Women's role in rural water supply and development: Trends and expectations in Nigeria

Summary There has been a paucity of reliable data on the contribution of Nigerian women in rural development, particularly with respect to water projects. From a detailed survey of many rural settings, and an evaluation of the availability of sources of water and the existing methods of purification, it was discovered that rural women, especially those of younger years, were heavily involved in water collection. The time and energy involved in water fetching and purification could sometimes be so high that other economic and domestic activities were adversely affected. The participation of Nigerian women in water development and quality improvement is hindered by problems, such as their standard of education, low level of awareness of the benefits of a good water source, lack of funds and organisational constraints. In general, this study has recognised an urgent need for more imaginative, better funded and better co-ordinated water development projects for the enhancement of the quality of life, especially for women in rural settings.     

Environmental management conflicts in developing countries: An analysis

An analysis of conflicts in environmental management has been made by identifying the major characteristics of conflicts. Examples of some environmental management conflicts have been presented to clarify the major issues involved It is shown that without active conservation groups it will be difficult to achieve environmental protection Two conflict resolution models are presented for analyzing various conflicting situations     

从煤和瓦斯的耦合作用及煤的失稳破坏看突出的机理

以含瓦斯煤力学为基础，研究煤与瓦斯的耦合作用对煤和瓦斯突出的影响及突出发生的失稳机理，提出煤和瓦斯突出的固流耦合失稳理论，为煤和瓦斯突出的预测提供了理论基础