农药厂周边有机磷农药在生物体中残留的检测方法研究

对中美两国固定源测试技术体系进行总结并按照辅助类参数、烟气类污染物、烟尘类污染物、有机类污染物、元素及卤化物、在线监测规范进行分类并比较,指出两国测试体系的异同。结合目前形势指出中国烟尘、烟气及VOCs类污染物监测体系面临问题并提出建议。     

热解含油污泥制备吸附材料浅析

介绍了含油污泥热解技术及热解实验方法,提出热解产生的残渣进行适当处理可成为具有吸附性的材料。进行了含油污泥热解正交实验,得出影响最大的因素分别是热解温度、热解时间、升温速率,并得出最佳的热解温度、热解时间、升温速率等。分析了含油污泥热解的机理,探讨了热解含油污泥制备吸附材料的活化改性,并在此基础上对所制备吸附材料的脱硫性和除油性进行了研究。     

The presence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein in earthworms Eisenia fetida has no deleterious effects on their growth and reproduction

Earthworms Eisenia fetida, bred in substances with stover of two genetically-engineered Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corns (5422Bt1 (Event Bt11) and 5422CBCL (MON810)) expressing Cry1Ab and their near-isogenic non-Bt corn (5422), were used to investigate the non-target effects of Bt corn on soil-dwelling organisms. Cry1Ab concentrations in substances, casts and guts of E. fetida were also investigated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). More than 90% individuals of E. fetida survived over a period of 30 d, irrespective of whether they received Bt corn or non-Bt corn. Compared to 5422 treatments, significantly higher relative growth rate and more number of new offspring and cocoons of E. fetida were found in 5422Bt1 and 5422CBCL treatments. These results were unlikely to be directly caused by Cry1Ab released from Bt corns but rather by differences in other factors of plants such as plant components (soluble sugar, total organic carbon, total protein and available phosphorus of Bt corns were more than 5422). ELISA results indicated immunoreactive Cry1Ab was detectable in substances, and the casts, guts of E. fetida from Bt corns treatments, of which the highest levels were detected in substances under the corresponding experimental conditions. With the increase of treated time, a strong decline was observed in Cry1Ab from substances and casts of E. fetida, whereas Cry1Ab in guts of E. fetida from 5422Bt1 treatments gradually increased and that from 5422CBCL treatments increased between 14 and 30 d. Therefore, the presence of Cry1Ab in E. fetida had no deleterious effects on their growth and reproduction.     

Particulate air pollution from combustion and construction in coastal and urban areas of China

In China, the areas that are undergoing rapid urban growth are faced with increasingly more complicated air pollution problems. Sources of air pollution need to be identified and their contributions quantified. In this study, PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < or =2.5 microm), PM2.5-10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters 2.5-10 microm), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were measured from April to July 2009 at four selected areas in Xiamen (the downtown area, an industrial park, a suburb, and one remote site). The contributions of carbonaceous aerosols to PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were 20-30% and 10-20%, respectively, indicating that finer particles contained more carbonaceous aerosols. The EC concentrations in PM2.5 at the downtown, industrial, suburb, and remote sites were 2.16 +/- 0.61, 2.05 +/- 0.45, 1.69 +/- 0.54, and 0.65 +/- 0.43 microg m-3, respectively, showing a decrease from the urban and industrial hotspots to the surrounding areas. These data show that carbonaceous aerosols emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels in urban and industrial hotspots influence air quality at the regional scale. Higher levels of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were observed at the suburb site compared to the urban and industrial sites. Peak EC concentrations in PM2.5 were observed during the morning and evening rush hours. However, peak PM2.5 levels at the suburb site were observed around noon, which coincides with construction work hours, instead of the morning and evening rush hours when emissions from combustion dominated. These findings indicate that both fuel combustion and construction have exacerbated air pollution in coastal and urban areas in China.     

pH、溶解氧、叶绿素a之间相关性研究Ⅰ:养殖水体

利用国内、外近20年的资料和饮用水水源地潘家口水库现场围隔实验结果,分析养殖水体中pH、溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)和叶绿素a之间的相互关系.结果表明,当叶绿素a平均含量低于10μg/L时,水体交换弱的夏季和秋季养殖水域水体中pH、DO与叶绿素a无明显相关甚至无相关;水体交换强的夏季和秋季养殖水域水...     

pH、溶解氧、叶绿素a之间相关性研究Ⅱ：非养殖水体

利用国内、外近20年的资料和饮用水水源地潘家口水库现场围隔实验结果,分析非养殖水体中pH、溶解氧（DO）和叶绿素a之间的相互关系。结果表明,当水体处于富营养化状态即叶绿素a平均含量高于10μg/L时,pH、DO与叶绿素a呈显著正相关。当叶绿素a平均含量低于10μg/L时,水体交换强或有机重污染的天然水体中DO与叶绿素a...     

冻融循环作用下尾矿砂抗剪强度和变形特性研究

为探究冻融循环后尾矿物理力学特性的变化特征,使用高低温试验箱和应变控制式三轴剪力仪对处于不同初始条件下的尾矿砂进行不排水不固结试验,揭示了尾矿砂的抗剪强度参数、不同围压条件下的变形模量与冻融循环次数、含水率之间的关系。结果表明:相同含水率条件下,随冻融循环次数增加,尾矿砂黏聚力先减小后趋于稳定,内摩擦角先增大后减小,围压100 k Pa和200 k Pa时变形模量逐渐减小,围压300 k Pa时变形模量呈现先减小后缓慢增大的趋势;相同冻融循环次数条件下,随尾矿砂含水率增加,其黏聚力先增加后减小、内摩擦角不断减小;不同围压条件下变形模量在总体上均呈现出不断减小的变化趋势,围压200 k Pa时变形模量总的衰减量最大,100k Pa次之,300 k Pa最小。     

露天矿溜槽粉尘逸散规律试验研究

为探索露天矿用溜槽系统粉尘逸散的影响因素,阐明溜槽系统运输过程中粉尘的产生机理和运移规律,从而解决溜槽系统产生的粉尘污染问题,以抚顺西露天矿为研究背景,运用相似理论,建立溜槽模型,通过单因素试验和正交试验,分别研究物料粉岩质量分数、物料含水率、溜槽倾角对溜槽运行过程中粉尘质量浓度的影响。单因素试验结果表明,粉尘质量浓度随物料粉岩质量分数、溜槽倾角增大而逐渐增大,随含水率增大而逐渐降低,溜槽底部粉尘质量浓度受影响变化幅度较大,溜槽中部和上部变化较小。溜槽粉尘质量浓度分布规律为溜槽底部粉尘产生量最大,中部次之,上方最小。溜槽底部为粉尘污染防治重点区域。正交试验结果表明,物料含水率对粉尘逸散影响最大,其次是粉岩质量分数,溜槽倾角影响最小。     

光学气体成像技术在泄漏检测与维修中的应用研究

通过介绍光学气体成像技术的原理、泄漏检测与维修关键技术、甲烷气体泄漏检测与识别实验情况,讨论了该技术在石化生产过程中的应用发展趋势。     

应用小型无人值守水站构建苏州市城区河道自动监测系统研究

苏州市城区河道自动监测系统实现了时城区河道环境整治水质变化的实时跟踪监测,系统采用小型、节能、低噪的智能子站、免试剂的监测方法和多重保障的安防措施,集监控评价发布为一体化,体现了绿色监测的理念,且与大型水站同样具有较强的野外适应能力和无人值守智能监测的特点.本文就系统的构架以及系统所具有的4个方面特点进行了阐述,并总结了在系统建设中的站点选址、对监测结果的有效利用、运行过程的质量控制及免试剂监测方法的适用性等几方面应用体会.