环境信息公开中的环境信息释义

对环境信息的定义进行了表述。环境信息具有空间性、时间性、整体性、科学性、不确定性的特点,可用系统法、用途法和公开法进行分类。环境信息公开中的环境信息经过收集、评估、整理、分析、公开（传播）、使用六个环节形成环境信息循环。     

十溴联苯醚环境修复技术的研究进展

介绍了溴代阻燃剂十溴联苯醚（BDE-209）环境修复技术的研究进展。从光降解、零价铁降解、生物降解3个方面对BDE-209的降解机理和降解后的产物进行了介绍。BDE-209经光照、厌氧微生物、零价铁的脱溴作用后,降解成低溴代联苯醚产物;好氧微生物利用低溴代联苯醚作为生长碳源,将其在酶的作用下开环降解,进入三羧酸循环或彻底分解成CO₂和H₂O。提出应采用多种方法协同作用,更有效地降解多溴联苯醚化合物。     

不适宜生长条件对混菌降解苯胺的影响

分别从台州和衢州某化工厂的好氧池中分离筛选得到2株苯胺降解菌TZ1和JH1,经16S rDNA测序鉴定为Comamonas sp.TZ1和Pseudomonas sp.JH1,均具有较强的苯胺降解能力,培养24 h后,可使初始浓度为800 mg/L的苯胺去除率达到96.4%~98.4%。在此基础上,按体积比1∶1将2株菌液进行混合构建了混合菌体系,进而对比考察了苯胺初始浓度、pH、盐度和重金属等环境因子对单一菌和混合菌生长量及降解苯胺效果的影响,重点探讨混合菌对不适宜生长环境的适应性及其对苯胺的降解特性。通过单一菌和混合菌对比实验发现,在适宜苯胺初始浓度、pH和盐度条件下,混合菌的生长量略高于单一菌;在不适宜生长的高浓度苯胺、pH和盐度条件下,混合菌也表现出了更强的适应性和苯胺矿化能力。Zn2+和Cr6+耐受实验则表明,对于Cr6+,混合菌表现出了更强的耐受能力,而对于Zn2+并没有表现出更强的耐受能力。     

气田高浓度含硫废水的化学氧化处理

采用亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)氧化法对气田高含硫废水进行了实验研究。考察了硫化物初始浓度、Na2SO3/Na2S(摩尔比)、初始pH值和反应时间对Na2SO3氧化去除硫化物效果的影响,进行了对氧化产物的元素分析。结果表明,在Na2SO3/Na2S(摩尔比)为0.7、初始pH值为5和反应时间为5 min时,硫化物从1 100 mg/L降至1.80 mg/L,去除率高达99.84%,达到了气田回注水水质标准。元素分析发现,氧化产物中C、N、S、H和O元素的含量分别为0.11%、0.06%、98.73%、0.90%和1.10%,且其产率达到90.59%。     

基于电力结构调整的上海市电力行业大气污染物排放总量研究

基于上海市能源与电力统计数据,参考政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)及国内发电企业污染物排放相关研究报告,设定不同发电方式的装机比例,分析核算不同装机比例下SO2、NOX以及CO2的排放量与减排量。结果表明,装机比例提升10.0%,相比煤电装机,天然气装机的SO2、NOX及CO2的排放量分别降低90.2%、91.3%与99.9%,减排效果显著。新能源装机比例由5.0%提升至10.0%,SO2、NOX及CO2分别削减3.0×103、3.8×103、3.6×107 t。     

降解SO_2功能菌的16S rRAN基因测序及降解特性

用低浓度SO2诱导驯化方法获得高效脱硫菌群,并用分离培养与16S rRNA基因测序技术相结合的方法鉴定菌群种属,分析驯化过程中种群结构的动态变化,同时研究分离纯菌种的脱硫性能。结果表明,从诱导驯化7 d和14 d菌液中分别分离出23株菌和22株菌,16S rRNA序列分析发现这些菌归属于13个种,其中有6个种（Rhodococcus erythropolis、Pseudomonas putida、Microbacterium oxydans、Sphingomonas koreensis、Acinetobacter junii、Acinetobacter johnsonii）对SO2-3有较强的降解能力,并在持续驯化过程中稳定的生长传代,降解产物以硫酸根为主,还有极少量的单质硫。与含混合菌的驯化菌液降解SO2-3的能力相比,单一脱硫菌的脱硫性能较弱。脱硫功能菌株及其基本特性的研究为微生物处理SO2烟气提供了丰富的菌源信息和理论基础。     

O3/GAC-常规处理珠江水系不同原水简

以东江、西江和北江3种原水为研究对象,采用臭氧预处理-常规处理-臭氧活性炭系列处理,研究原水中有机物的去除及臭氧化副产物的产生和转化。结果表明,东江、西江和北江水中COD_Mn、UV₂₅₄、甲醛和溴酸盐沿各处理单元过程变化规律基本一致;COD_Mn总去除率分别为60%、51%和39%,UV₂₅₄总去除率分别为74%、96%和97%,最终出水甲醛浓度分别为0.004 mg/L、0 mg/L和0 mg/L,BrO₃^-分别为3.1 μg/L、8.7 μg/L和35.5 μg/L;COD_Mn的去除主要在预臭氧和活性炭过滤2个处理单元,预臭氧对UV₂₅₄总去除率贡献最大,甲醛和溴酸盐浓度在主臭氧处理单元达到其峰值（西江甲醛除外）;氨氮和有机物浓度较低、pH值较高的北江原水,出水溴酸盐浓度最高。     

调理料添加比例对菇渣基质发酵效果的影响

为探讨废弃蘑菇基料菇渣改性生产有机栽培基质技术,直接采用菇渣为主要原料,以猪粪作为调理料进行好氧发酵,研究猪粪的不同添加比例对菇渣好氧发酵腐熟条件中的温度、挥发性固体(VS)、p H、全氮、全磷、种子发芽指数(GI)的影响。结果表明,猪粪适宜作为菇渣改性生产有机基质的调理料,发酵过程始终维持含水率在65%左右,3个处理高温持续时间均在5 d以上,满足基质无害化卫生标准要求,发酵完成后p H均符合腐熟基质标准,GI均达到60%以上。而猪粪添加量较少时,可以缩短进入高温发酵期的时间,堆体达到的最高温度较高,堆料腐熟较快,且最有利于氮素的保存和全磷的浓缩。综合以上实验结果表明,在菇渣发酵中添加15%的猪粪有利于改善发酵条件,提高堆体的养分含量。     

Recycling of electrolytic manganese solid waste in autoclaved bricks preparation in China

China has played a dominant role in global electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) production, accounting for over 98 % of the total world capacity since 2008. However, with the rapid development of the EMM industry and depletion of mineral ores, electrolytic manganese solid waste (EMSW) is piling up, so more large-scale landfills are needed. The environmental problems generated by EMSW pose severe threats to soil and ground water, and have become the hot issues in society. The aim is to consume and recycle EMSW, and the primary route is to make autoclaved bricks. However, less attention has been given to the procedure and strength-forming mechanism of EMSW bricks, not to mention the production line of the brick. On the basis of physical and chemical property analysis, the pretreatment process of EMSW was indispensable to solidify/stabilize the heavy metals, such as Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, etc.. This paper expatiated on the procedure of making EMSW autoclaved bricks, analyzed in detail the strength formed by different cementitious materials with cement properties, and introduced the practical engineering of EMSW autoclaved bricks. The results showed that the pretreatment process with quicklime was effective in solidifying/stabilizing the heavy metals. The compressive strength of EMSW bricks reached 10.05 MPa when quicklime 9 % (w/w) added. Cement may be an ideal cementitious material to create EMSW bricks of high strength in experiments and on the production line. Quicklime and cement used simultaneously produced a lower strength than that when adding cement alone because the gypsum from EMSW and an alkali could generate deleterious effects, e.g., expansion or burst. In the production line of EMSW bricks, an appropriate mix proportion to make high-quality autoclaved bricks was determined: EMSW 30–40 %, cement 10–20 %, and aggregates 40–60 %. The low content of heavy metals tested by toxicity leaching may deduce that the EMSW autoclaved bricks have low environmental risk. However, long-term environmental risk evaluation will be needed, requiring more tests and leaching modeling. Employing EMSW to make high-quality autoclaved bricks may be a promising waste-to-resource strategy.     

Hydrogeo-chemical impacts of air sparging remediation on a semi-confined aquifer: Evidences from field monitoring and modeling

Air sparging (AS) was explored for remediation of a petroleum contaminated semi-confined groundwater system in NE China. Physical, hydro-chemical and hydraulic behaviors in subsurface environment during AS were investigated with support of modeling to understand the hydrogeo-chemical impacts of AS on the aquifer. The responses of groundwater, dissolved oxygen and temperature indicated that the radius of influence of AS was up to 8–9 m, and a 3D boundary of the zone of influence (ZOI) was accordingly obtained with volume of 362 m³. Water mounding unlike normal observations was featured by continuous up-lift and blocked dissipation. AS induced water displacement was calculated showing no obvious spreading of contaminant plume under this AS condition. Slug tests were employed before and after AS to reveal that the physical perturbation led to sharp increase in permeability and porosity. Modeling indicated that the regional groundwater flow field was not affected by AS except the physical perturbation in ZOI. Hydro-chemically increase of pH and Eh, and reduction of TDS, electrical conductivity and bicarbonate were observed in ZOI during AS. PHREEQC modeling inferred that these chemical phenomena were induced by the inorganic carbon transfer during air mixing.