云南稻核心种质苗期与孕穗期耐冷性特点及关系分析

以544份云南地方稻核心种质为材料,在昆明自然低温(苗期平均5.5～12.3℃,孕穗期平均17.8℃)冷害下,按籼粳、稻作区进行云南稻核心种质苗期耐冷性与孕穗期耐冷性的特点及关系研究.结果表明:(1)苗期耐冷性与孕穗期耐冷性密切相关,苗期耐冷性强的材料表现为孕穗期株高、剑叶长和宽、穗颈长、穗下节长、1～2节长、穗长较长、穗粒数较多,耐冷性较强.通过对苗期耐冷性的严格选择,可以间接获得孕穗期耐冷性较强的材料.(2)苗期和孕穗期耐冷性在籼粳间、稻作区间差异明显.籼粳间均表现为粳稻强于籼稻;稻作区间苗期耐冷性为滇中一季籼粳稻区和滇南单双季籼稻区最强,滇中一季籼粳稻区和滇西北高寒粳稻区孕穗期耐冷性较强,揭示了水稻苗期与穗期耐冷性的形成演化机制存在一致性和差异性.     

柴油挥发行为的研究

对柴油进行了在玻璃表面皿上和在土壤中的挥发实验研究。在玻璃表面皿的挥发实验中,进行了30℃条件下柴油与90^#汽油、煤油及沙特原油挥发的对比实验。实验结果表明,柴油和煤油的挥发量与挥发时间呈指数关系,而90^#汽油与沙特原油的挥发量与挥发时间呈对数关系。柴油在土壤中的挥发实验表明,土壤质地、土壤的含水量及柴油浓度都影响柴油的挥发量。土壤中的柴油污染物有一种向上运动的所谓“灯芯”作用,适度的土壤含水量会促进“灯芯”作用,而过高的含水量则抑制其发生。     

土壤过滤净化氮氧化物实验研究

实验考察了土壤类型、进口浓度、温度和过滤气速对净化氮氧化物废气效果的影响。结果表明 ,土壤过滤能够有效削减NOx 污染 ,对NO2 的净化效率可达 90 %以上 :肥沃土壤的净化效率明显高于贫瘠土壤 ,适宜作为过滤介质 ;在实验浓度范围内 ,净化效率基本随着进口浓度的提高而提高。当进口浓度高于 2mg m3时 ,净化效率基本稳定在95 %左右 ;温度的升高对提高去除率是有利的 ,而且对延长土壤滤池有效使用时间有很大帮助 ;在实验范围内气速的提高对NO2 去除率影响不明显。     

移动床生物膜反应器内气液传质性能研究

采用移动床生物膜反应器,利用清水进行了在不同悬浮填料体积含率和曝气强度时反应器内气液传质性能研究。结果表明,随着曝气强度增加,传质系数增大,但曝气强度过大,并不利于移动床操作;当填料体积含率大于40%时,氧传质系数出现最大值后逐渐减小。在填料体积含率为30%~50%、曝气强度为4.5~7 m3/(h.m)时,传质效果良好,氧转移效率较高。     

2,3,7,8,-四氯苯噁英对NIH小鼠早期妊娠和生殖激素的影响

用不同剂量的2,3,7,8 四氯苯二英(2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzopdioxin,TCDD)对小鼠胚胎附植数量和生长发育情况进行剂量反应评估,分析TCDD对假孕小鼠子宫蜕膜生长状况的影响以及比较胚胎种植前后染毒效果.所有样本采集血液,测定母体血清雌二醇和孕酮的浓度变化.结果表明,50和100ng·(kg·d)-1TCDD处理的孕鼠,胚胎附植数量明显减少(P<0 05),着床后胚胎出现发育迟缓,质量减轻(P<0 05);同等剂量TCDD处理的假孕小鼠,子宫蜕膜生长受到了极显著的抑制(P<0 01);种植前后染毒效果比较发现种植前期染毒的小鼠胚胎对TCDD更为敏感.母体血清雌二醇浓度随剂量和染毒时段有不同程度的升高,而孕酮浓度则极显著下降(P<0 01).由此表明低剂量TCDD可能通过对生殖激素的干扰,强烈影响NIH小鼠妊娠早期生殖生理状态和着床后胚胎的发育.实验同时证明小鼠也可作为早期妊娠毒物研究的供试动物,用以筛选动物和人类早期妊娠的有害化合物.     

Photodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solutions in the UV/H2O2 process

Photodegradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols in aqueous solutions by means of UV/H2 O2 process was studied in the Rayox batch reactors. Three nitrophenol isomers were identified as main photoproducts in the irradiated NB aqueous solutions. The distribution of nitrophenol isomers follows the order p-〉 m-〉 o-nitrophenol. Other intermediates detected include nitrohydroquinone, nitrocatechol, catechol, benzoquinone, phenol, nitrate/nitrite ions, formic acid, glyoxylic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid and some aliphatic ketones and aldehydes. The degradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols at initial stages follows the first-order kinetics and the decay rate constants for nitrobenzene（NB） are around l0^-3-10^-2 s^-1 and for nitrophenols are around 10^-2 s^-1. The decomposition of H2 O2 in the presence of NB and each nitrophenol isomers follows zero-order kinetics. The quantum yields at initial stages for NB decay were estimated around 0.30 to 0.36, and for NPs decay is around 0.31-0.54.     

酯类化合物对四膜虫毒性的拓扑研究

提出了拓扑方法,即考虑分子图顶点的性质,直接用酯类化合物的分子碎片的特征值为主元来构建邻接矩阵。定义并计算了酯类化合物的修正的氢连接性指数^mHA及其倒指数^mHB,分析了30个酯化合物对四膜虫的毒性与分子结构之间的关系,结果表明由酯化合物对四膜虫毒性与^mH的回归方程得出的估算值与实验测定值之间能较好地吻合,平均误差为0．22。     

投入产出分析在固体废物管理中的应用

通过构建固体废物投入产出表,分析包括资源提供、产品生产、废弃物循环利用及废物处置部门在内的国民经济各部门之间的经济技术关系。并对理想条件及其他条件下固体废物资源化对于资源节约、废物减量及经济发展的影响进行了定量分析。     

Non-biodegradable landfill leachate treatment by combined process of agitation,coagulation, SBR and filtration

This study describes the complete treatment of non-biodegradable landfill leachate by combined treatment processes. The processes consist of agitation as a novel stripping method used to overcome the ammonia toxicity regarding aerobic microorganisms. The NH₃-N removal ratio was 93.9% obtained at pH 11.5 and a gradient velocity (G) 150 s^?1 within a five-hour agitation time. By poly ferric sulphate (PFS) coagulation followed the agitation process; chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) were removed at 70.6% and 49.4%, respectively at an optimum dose of 1200 mg L^?1 at pH 5.0. The biodegradable ratio BOD₅/COD was improved from 0.18 to 0.31 during pretreatment step by agitation and PFS coagulation. Thereafter, the effluent was diluted with sewage at a different ratio before it was subjected to sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatment. Up to 93.3% BOD₅, 95.5% COD and 98.1% NH₃-N removal were achieved by SBR operated under anoxic–aerobic–anoxic conditions. The filtration process was carried out using sand and carbon as a dual filter media as polishing process. The final effluent concentration of COD, BOD₅, suspended solid (SS), NH₃-N and total organic carbon (TOC) were 72.4 mg L^?1, 22.8 mg L^?1, 24.2 mg L^?1, 18.4 mg L^?1 and 50.8 mg L^?1 respectively, which met the discharge standard. The results indicated that a combined process of agitation-coagulation-SBR and filtration effectively eliminated pollutant loading from landfill leachate.