Higher nitrates, P and lower pH in soils under medicinal plants versus crop plants

This report shows a higher soil quality under medicinal plants versus food-crop plants. Long-term continuous cultivation of food crops induces changes of soil properties that can lead to fertility loss and, in turn, decline of food productivity. Effect of cropping on soil changes has been studied mainly for food crops and vegetables worldwide, whereas soil changes in herbal fields are scarcely known. Therefore, we compared here soil nutrients and soil chemical properties of herbal fields, cultivated with Chinese medicinal plants, and food-crop fields. Fields are located at the famous traditional planting base of Chinese medicinal plants in Anguo, China. The results showed that in herbal fields, soil nitrate, available P, soil organic matter (SOM), and electrical conductivity decreased with soil depth, whereas soil pH and soil water content increased with depth. In herbal fields, soil nitrate, available P contents, and soil electrical conductivity were higher than those of food-crop fields at various soil layers. SOM and soil water content were similar in herbal and food-crop fields. Soil pH of herbal fields at 0–20 cm was lower than those of food-crop fields. Findings show overall that soil nutrient accumulation and changes under medicinal plants are higher than food-crop fields.     

MicroRNA:POPs诱导动脉粥样硬化的潜在调控者

目前动脉粥样硬化在全世界以惊人的速度增长,成为21世纪公共健康的严重挑战。持久性有机污染物(persistent organic pollutants,POPs)具有生物富集性和持久性,可通过各种环境介质对人体健康产生危害。研究表明POPs能够改变基因表达,加速动脉粥样硬化的发生发展,因而POPs被认为是动脉粥样硬化的致病风险因素之一。MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是生物进化过程中高度保守的一组非编码小分子RNA,在转录后水平调节基因的表达。miRNAs的差异表达涉及一系列疾病的生理和病理过程。有证据显示,POPs能够引起生物体内miRNAs的表达紊乱,从而引起基因的差异表达。大量文献报道也显示miRNAs在动脉粥样硬化中起重要作用。因此,POPs可能通过miRNA的潜在调控从而导致动脉粥样硬化的发生发展。     

马氏珠母贝hsp90基因的克隆及芘胁迫对其表达水平的影响

利用简并引物PCR(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法和cDNA末端快速扩增(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术获得马氏珠母贝Pinctada martensii hsp90基因cDNA序列,全长为2 584 bp。根据所得序列设计定量特异性PCR引物,采用半定量RT-PCR以及实时荧光定量(real-time PCR)PCR检测了马氏珠母贝外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺、闭壳肌、性腺、腹足等组织中hsp90基因的表达水平。同时,利用荧光定量PCR技术检测了芘暴露处理前后马氏珠母贝肝胰腺组织中hsp90基因的表达水平。研究结果表明:马氏珠母贝hsp90基因在不同组织中的表达水平为性腺鳃肝胰腺外套膜腹足闭壳肌,表现出组织差异性。芘胁迫对马氏珠母贝hsp90基因的表达有一定的诱导作用,暴露后第1天和第5天,随染毒浓度的增加,hsp90基因的表达上调,呈现出一定的剂量-效应关系,于染毒后第7天基本恢复。研究结果显示,马氏珠母贝hsp90基因可以作为一种理想的分子生物标记物用于监测海洋环境中芘的污染。     

Modeling agricultural non-point source pollution in a high-precipitation coastal area of China

Non-point source （NPS） pollution simulation in the high-precipitation coastal areas of China is difficult because varying annual typhoon incidence leads to highly contrasting rainfall patterns in dry years and wet years. An IMPULSE （Integrated Model of Non-point Sources Pollution Processes） based NPS model of the Changtan Reservoir watershed, which is a typical high-precipitation coastal area in China, was established based on the analysis of point and NPS pollution data, a digital elevation model, and data on land-use, soil, meteorology, economy, and agricultural management practice. Pre-processed pre-rain- fall soil moisture levels were introduced during the simulation to model the effects of typhoons on hydrology. Rainfall events were simulated sequentially through the year and the model was calibrated and verified using hydrological and water quality data. Accuracy of the simulated rainfall runoff and water quality in the Changtan watershed was found to be acceptable. The study showed that the NPS modeling system could be applied to the simulation and prediction ofNPS loadings in the Changtan Reservoir watershed.     

Timing crisis information release via television

When and how often to release information on television are important issues in crisis and emergency risk communication. There is a lot of crisis information, including warnings and news, to which people should have access, but most of it is not significantly urgent to interrupt the broadcasting of television programmes. Hence, the right timing for the release of crisis information should be selected based on the importance of the crisis and any associated communication requirements. Using recursive methods, this paper builds an audience coverage model of crisis information release. Based on 2007 Household Using TV (HUT) data for Hefei City, China, the optimal combination of broadcasting sequence (with frequencies between one and eight times) is obtained using the implicit enumeration method. The developed model is applicable to effective transmission of crisis information, with the aim of reducing interference with the normal television transmission process and decreasing the psychological effect on audiences. The same model can be employed for other purposes, such as news coverage and weather and road information.     

基于复模态法的风电塔架体系地震反应分析

以往对风电塔架研究大多采用刚性地基的假定,忽略土—结构的动力相互作用。然而风电塔架在实际地震时,由于地基的柔性和无限性,使得按刚性地基假定计算出来的结构动力特性和动力反应与将地基和结构作为一个整体计算出来的结果有较大差别。因此,考虑土—结构相互动力作用(SSI)的风电塔架地震响应分析研究十分必要。以华能阜新风力发电塔架为例,基于复模态法分析考虑土—结构相互作用风电塔架地震响应,首先建立土—风电塔架体系计算模型,采用Novak模型对伐板的复刚度、复阻尼计算,然后建立土—风电塔架相互作用体系的地震反应方程,采用复模态分析方法对结构地震反应求解,可供风电塔架抗震设计参考。     

叠层橡胶支座串联隔震体系抗火性能研究

对叠层橡胶隔震支座在高温作用下的温度场进行数值模拟,利用小模型试件进行温度传导及温度场分布试验。在叠层橡胶隔震支座经历420℃的高温作用后,将隔震支座模型试件与钢筋混凝土柱串联,并对串联隔震体系的力学性能进行压剪往复试验。结果表明,叠层橡胶隔震支座在高温作用下的性能退化相当明显,承载状态下的橡胶隔震支座在稍高的温度作用下就开始发生畸变。这表明在实际工程中对叠层橡胶隔震支座采取防火保护措施对保证隔震结构承载力安全非常重要。     

城市污水水解-厌氧-微氧联合处理工艺

采用水解 -厌氧 -微氧联合处理工艺处理城市污水的研究结果表明 :在总 HRT不超过 8.5h(水解 2.5h、厌氧 4.0h、微氧2.0 h) ,平均温度为 19℃ ,进水COD浓度为300±50 mg/L时 ,总 COD和 SS的去除率分别可达75%和80%以上 .总出水COD、BOD、SS完全达到国家二级排放标准 .微氧单元对厌氧出水中残余有机物去除效果良好 ,HRT不超过 2h,DO控制在 0.2 mg/L～0.5mg/L左右 ,进水为150mg/L时 ,去除率可达 53%以上 .微氧污泥沉降性能良好 ,SVI=38.8ml/g.水解 -厌氧 -微氧工艺在突出低能耗的前提下 ,达到了较高的有机物去除率 ,与现有的城市污水处理工艺相比有一定的优越性 .     

生物膜法A/O系统处理腈纶废水工业试验

本工业试验规模为１４００—１６００ｔ／ｄ,装置Ａ／Ｏ容积比１：３,当平均停留时间２２．６ｈ,回流比３．２,水温约３５℃左右时,平均去除率ＣＯＤｃｒ达８８．３６％、ＢＯＤ５９７．４９％、ＴＮ７７．６７％、ＡＮ９９．４１％。出水各项指标平均值为ＣＯＤＣｒ５３．５７ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＢＯＤ５５．６ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＴＮ１４．９４ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＮＨ３－Ｎ６．９２ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＡＮ１．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＮａＳＣＮ２．６７ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＳＳ仅２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,因此不设二沉池。     

藻菌系统对偶氮染料降解作用的研究

研究了藻菌系统对偶氮染料降解的可能性,机理和环境条件的影响,49种不同类型的偶氮染料降解试验表明,藻菌对染料有较好的降解作用.发现藻类也能直接参与染料的降解,动摇了藻类在稳定塘有机物降解过程中仅能为好氧菌供氧的传统观念.根据典型染料实验研究表明,该系统降解偶氮染料的机理是:染料先被藻菌降解成芳香胺.尔后芳香胺在有氧条件下进一步降解成无机物;在无氧条件下,芳香胺降解受阻。环境条件试验表明,在相当广的pH值、温度、光强和碳源营养水平条件下,该系统仍有较高的降解效果。