N掺杂TiO_2光催化还原地下水中硝酸盐

以硫酸钛为前驱体,采用水热沉淀法制备TiO2光催化剂,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和光电子能谱仪(XPS)进行表征和分析,考察了硫酸钛浓度、焙烧温度对光催化还原水中硝酸盐活性的影响.结果表明,制备的催化剂为掺杂N的锐钛矿型TiO2.硫酸钛浓度为0.5mol.L-1、焙烧温度为400℃时制备的催化剂活性最佳,反应120min后,硝酸盐转化率为95.8%,中间产物NO--N浓度为0.17mg·mL-1,副产物NH+-N浓度为1.52mg·mL-1.     

我国地震应急预案体系的现状分析

地震应急是地震救援工作的重要组成部分,科学的制订地震应急救援预案是做好应急工作的前提.本文分析了目前我国地震应急预案体系的现状,总结了地震应急预案体系中存在的问题,对于丰富和完善地震应急预案体系,使政府及社会高效、有序地做好应急响应,减少人员伤亡和财产损失具有重要的现实意义.     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.     

改进取样方法提高含油废水中CODcr值的准确度

化学需氧量(CODcr)和石油类都是中国实施水污染物排放总量控制指标,也是环境监测的常测项目.CODcr是反映水体中受还原性物质主要是有机物污染程度的综合性指标.矿物油和动、植物油统称为油类,是废水中常见的有机污染物,对CODcr的贡献较大.探索水体中CODcr值与油类物质含量之间的相关性,对CODcr值准确性的判断有一定指导意义.改进含油废水的取样方法,有利于提高CODcr测定值的准确性和代表性.     

洱海地面水环境监测优化布点研究

根据１９８７年以后五年洱海水质监测数据的数理统计分析，选择污染指数大的ｐＨ、ＣＯＤ＿（Ｍｎ）、ＢＯＤ＿５、Ｔ－Ｎ、Ｔ－Ｐ进行单项方差分析，进而再进行灰色关联聚类分析和年际相关分析，确知洱海三个水质监测断面可归于一类。考虑水下地形、湖流、环湖工农业布局，水质监测点优化为两个即可保证其准确性、可控性和代表性。     

Occurrence and migration of microplastics and plasticizers in different wastewater and sludge treatment units in municipal wastewater treatment plant

● Reduce the quantifying MPs time by using Nile red staining. ● The removal rate of MPs and PAEs in wastewater and sludge were investigated. ● MPs and PAEs were firstly analyzed during thermal hydrolysis treatment. ● The removal of PAEs from wastewater and sludge was mainly biodegradation. Microplastics (MPs) and plasticizers, such as phthalate esters (PAEs), were frequently detected in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTP). Previous research mainly studied the removal of MPs and PAEs in wastewater. However, the occurrence of MPs and PAEs in the sludge was generally ignored. To comprehensively investigate the occurrence and the migration behaviors of MPs and PAEs in MWTP, a series of representative parameters including the number, size, color, shape of MPs, and the concentrations of PAEs in wastewater and sludge were systematically investigated. In this study, the concentrations of MPs in the influent and effluent were 15.46±0.37 and 0.30±0.14 particles/L. The MP removal efficiency of 98.1% was achieved and about 73.8% of MPs were accumulated in the sludge in the MWTP. The numbers of MPs in the sludge before and after digestion were 4.40±0.14 and 0.31±0.01 particles/g (dry sludge), respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) analysis showed that the main types of MPs were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS). Six PAEs, including phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), ortho dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and bis(2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate (DEHP), were detected in the MWTP. The concentrations of total PAEs (ΣPAEs) in the influent and effluent were 76.66 and 6.28 µg/L, respectively. The concentrations of ΣPAEs in the sludge before and after digestion were 152.64 and 31.70 µg/g, respectively. In the process of thermal hydrolysis, the number and size of MPs decreased accompanied by the increase of the plasticizer concentration.     

烟气脱硫过程锰催化氧化亚硫酸钙的研究

利用直径280 mm、高320 mm的间歇式搅拌槽,在MnSO4加入浓度为0～0.05 mol/L的情况下,对亚硫酸钙悬浮液进行了催化氧化实验研究.实验结果表明,锰离子的加入会改变亚硫酸钙的氧化机理及氧化过程,表现为终点氧化率和氧化速率的变化.当Mn2 浓度为0.05 mol/L时,亚硫酸钙的终点氧化率比未加入Mn2 时高30%;此外,与非催化反应过程相比,Mn2 的加入能使亚硫酸钙在一个更宽的浓度范围内(0.02～0.073 mol/L)和一个更宽的时间范围内(20～100 min)均保持较高的氧化速率水平.     

超声破解污泥上清液对A~2O工艺脱氮除磷和微生物群落结构的影响

为了提高传统污水处理工艺的脱氮除磷效率、实现污泥资源化,本实验通过超声破解污泥获取碳源,采用耗氧呼吸速率分析上清液作为碳源的可行性,并将上清液回用于生活污水,考察其对A2O工艺长期运行的脱氮除磷效果和微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,上清液中可降解有机物达到76.2%,具有作为内碳源的潜能;上清液和生活污水按1∶15投入A2O反应器后,氮、磷的去除率分别从63.2%和53.4%提高到了82.1%和94.7%;上清液明显改变了微生物群落结构,使除磷菌Actinobacteia和反硝化聚磷菌Sphingobacterium富集。     

环境模型参数识别与不确定性分析

在对水文模型实例的参数不确定性分析基础上,分别采用传统灵敏度分析方法、HSY算法、线性回归等方法对模型参数特性进行了识别与比较研究.结果表明参数优化算法与传统灵敏度分析方法不能解释模型结构复杂性特征,采用不确定性分析方法对环境模型参数进行识别提供了深入分析与理解模型系统的有效途径.     

试论环境在线监测监控信息管理系统建设

环境在线监测监控系统是基于WEBGIS技术,利用通讯网络平台,集中采集监测设备发出的数据信息,并进行分拣、计算、入库、匹配等工作,系统在基础地理数据的支持下,把空气监测点、城市空气、流域水质、噪声数据等按图层进行管理,对污染源进行监控.并将数据及时传送到监控中心.本文阐述了建立在线监测监控信息管理系统,在环境保护领域的重要性.介绍了系统的总体目标以及系统的主要内容和功能,指出该系统是应急监测强有力的技术手段.