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Chun-Ting Feng Ming Cao Fang-Zheng Liu Yue Zhou Jin-Hong Du Li-Bo Zhang Wen-Jie Huang Jian-Wu Luo Jun-Sheng Li Wei Wang 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13887
Previous assessments of the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) focused primarily on changes in human pressure over time and did not consider the different human-pressure baselines of PAs, thereby potentially over- or underestimating PA effectiveness. We developed a framework that considers both human-pressure baseline and change in human pressure over time and assessed the effectiveness of 338 PAs in China from 2010 to 2020. The initial state of human pressure on PAs was taken as the baseline, and changes in human pressure index (HPI) were further analyzed under different baselines. We used the random forest models to identify the management measures that most improved effectiveness in resisting human pressure for the PAs with different baselines. Finally, the relationships between the changes in the HPI and the changes in natural ecosystems in PAs were analyzed with different baselines. Of PAs with low HPI baselines, medium HPI baselines, and high HPI baselines, 76.92% (n=150), 11.11% (n=12), and 22.86% (n=8) , respectively, showed positive effects in resisting human pressure. Overall, ignoring human-pressure baselines somewhat underestimated the positive effects of PAs, especially for those with low initial human pressure. For PAs with different initial human pressures, different management measures should be taken to improve effectiveness and reduce threats to natural ecosystems. We believe our framework is useful for assessing the effectiveness of PAs globally, and we recommend it be included in the Convention on Biological Diversity Post-2020 Strategy. 相似文献
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在合成卡那霉类似物的核心结构时,发现6-叠氮-6脱氧1,2;3,4-二-氧-惜内叉基-α-D-半乳糖的核磁共振数据与普通六元环的船式或椅式构象大不相同,进一步通过分子力学模型MMP2的计算,发现它具有扭船式的分子构象(Twist boat)。 相似文献
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天然水体沉积物对重金属离子的吸附特性 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
本文运用表面络合模式,研究了江西乐安江下游黄龙庙沉积物的吸附特性,测定了样品对重金属CU,cD的吸附等温线和PH吸附突跃曲线;应用FITEQO程序计算了沉积物的表面固有吸附常数;对恒定容量模式,扩散层模式和三层模式在天然水体沉积物中的应用进行了比较。 相似文献
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采用气相色谱/傅立叶红外光谱和气相色谱/质谱仪分析大鼠肝脏中单甲脒的代谢产物,证明大鼠经口摄入单甲脒后,在肝脏中迅速代谢,其代谢中间产物为2,4-二甲基苯胺和含酰胺基的化全物。 相似文献
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Enhancement of solubilization and acidification of waste activated sludge by pretreatment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effects of various pretreatment methods, including thermo-acid, thermo-alkaline, ultrasonic-alkaline and ultrasonic-acid, on solubilization and subsequent acidification efficiency of waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated. The results showed that both thermo-alkaline and ultrasonic-alkaline significantly improved the solubilization of WAS at a high concentration (7.4% of total solids). Solubilization of volatile solids (VS) and crude protein was 60.2-61.6% and 66.8-67.5%, respectively. Thermo-alkaline or ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment also enhanced the efficiency of subsequent WAS acidification. Experimental results showed that they had similar effects on the acidification of WAS. The conversion ratio from VS to total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) was 0.230 in the case of the ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment. Through this pretreatment, the level of TVFAs was 68% more than the untreated WAS after 252 h of fermentation. The mechanism of TVFAs production under different pretreatment methods was further investigated and the results indicated that soluble protein was the main substrate for TVFAs production from the WAS after the thermo-alkaline or ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment. 相似文献
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北京地区15000年以来环境变迁中灾害性气候突变事件的讨论 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过高分辨率孢粉分析及烧失量、炭屑实验结果的统计分析,结合14C、古地磁等,对北京房山东甘池15000a以来植被变化和环境变迁进行了较为深入的研究,特别强调气候变化的灾害性突变事件。初步得知约在14100~14000aB.P.前后曾出现与哥得堡反转相对应的事件,在10000aB.P.左右出现类似与新仙女木事件相对应的事件,在大约5770aB.P.和4560aB.P.左右及2850~2650aB.P.出现了大暖期的突然降温事件。 相似文献