气-固耦合作用下煤层气注热开采热量迁移规律数值模拟

为获取气固耦合作用下煤层气注热开采过程热量分布规律,探究煤层内气-固体系吸热量的影响因素,采用自行研制的三轴煤层气解吸热量测试验装置,在实验室中对柱状原煤进行了不同轴、围压条件下煤体甲烷解吸过程温度及热量变化测定,利用温度补偿原理获取了解吸热与解吸量关系理论模型,利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件进行了煤层气注热开采过程热量迁移规律数值模拟.结果表明:解吸热随解吸量呈指数增长趋势;模拟结果显示井间距为60 m时相较于40 m时煤层吸热量更快达到稳定,吸附气体吸热量升高持续时间为井间距40 m时的1.9倍;解吸热量在注热温度为593 K时较注热温度为493 K时增加15.97％,且达到最终解吸热量稳定时间减少21.4％.对比分析得到,在单井注热开采条件下,增大井间距和提高注热温度均可以不同程度影响热量在煤层中迁移、增大解吸热量并促进解吸作用,进而大幅度提升煤层气井筒累计产量.研究结果可为低渗透储层煤层气高效安全开采及煤层气注热开采工艺方案优化提供理论支撑.     

Fe掺杂Bi2MoO6的制备及其可见光催化活化PMS降解橙黄Ⅱ的研究

采用一锅水热合成法制备Fe掺杂Bi2MoO6光催化剂,对Bi2MoO6的主体结构进行修饰和调整.在可见光LED照射下,利用合成的Fe-Bi2MoO6催化剂活化过一硫酸盐(PMS,peroxymonosulfate,oxone)对偶氮染料橙黄Ⅱ进行光催化降解.采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)对催化剂的形貌微观结构和化学价态进行表征,并应用在光催化活化PMS降解橙黄Ⅱ的过程中.结果表明,催化剂投加量为0.4 g/L,PMS投加量为0.4 mmoL/L,初始pH值接近中性条件下,Fe-Bi2MoO6材料对橙黄Ⅱ的去除率可以达到100％.经过Fe掺杂后,Fe取代一部分的Bi3+,致使主体晶格出现畸变,不仅有利于光生电子和空穴的产生、分离和转移,还增强了 Bi2MoO6的光催化活性.Fe-Bi2MoO6光催化剂经重复使用5次后对橙黄Ⅱ的降解率仍然可以达到89.1％以上,具有优秀的光催化稳定性能.活性自由基的出现在光催化降解过程中起到主要作用,由此展示出一种潜在的光催化降解机制,且Fe掺杂Bi2MoO6比单纯Bi2MoO6具有更好的光催化降解稳定性.     

Middle-Eocene artiodactyls from Shanghuang (Jiangsu Province,Coastal China) and the diversity of basal dichobunoids in Asia

A new assemblage of basal dichobunoid artiodactyls from the middle-Eocene Shanghuang fissure fillings includes the diacodexeid Jiangsudon shanghuangensis gen. and sp. nov., a new species of the lantianine dichobunoid Elaschitotherium, Elaschitotherium crepaturus sp. nov., and an indeterminate suoid which is presently the earliest record of this clade. Diacodexeids are also represented by two forms provisionally referred to cf. Diacodexis sp. and to an indeterminate Diacodexeidae, respectively. The occurrence of diacodexeids in Shanghuang contrasts with the early and earliest middle-Eocene chronological range of the family in Europe and North America and suggests that the stratigraphic range of the family in Asia extends up to the middle Eocene. This may reflect particular habitats in coastal China that may have been relatively stable during the early and middle Eocene, thus preserving forest-dwelling artiodactyls that became extinct in the other Holarctic regions. Compared to other supposedly coeval North American, European, and Asian faunas, the Shanghuang mammalian assemblage is most similar to early Uintan faunas of North America but is also remarkable in recording forms close to taxa that are characteristic of the Wasatchian and Bridgerian North American Land Mammal Ages. The Irdinmanhan age of the Shanghuang fauna is supported by the mammalian assemblage recovered from the fissure D, but an Arshantan age cannot be completely ruled out at this point. Although the Shanghuang assemblage is biased towards preservation of small components of the mammalian fauna, the Shanghuang fauna provide an important and unique window into the Eocene diversity and early evolution of cetartiodactyls in eastern Asia.     

含聚采油废水外排达标处理技术

本文针对含聚合物采油废水中聚丙烯酰胺生物毒性大、生化降解困难,采用二级气浮+活性污泥工艺对高含聚采油废水进行了现场实验研究。实验结果表明,处理后外排水中COD 80 mg/L,降解效率96.9%;石油类2 mg/L,降解效率98.6%,外排水的各项指标均能达国家和地方的相关标准。     

国外轻型车辆防翻架的设计与制作

根据在海外钻井工程服务项目HSE管理中积累的经验,介绍了国外防翻架的安全标准及其设计、选材、制作和安装要求,为中国油田服务承包商进行轻型车辆防翻架制作提供了参考。     

含锌废水对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

试验用不同浓度的锌溶液模拟污水,浸种后用水培法培养小麦,全面观察研究不同浓度的锌对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长过程中的形态和生理生化指标的影响以及相同浓度的锌溶液对不同品种小麦的影响,初步探讨锌对小麦的作用机制.结果表明:10 mg/L及20 mg/L的Zn2 溶液对小麦种子的萌发、幼苗根系活力和叶绿素含量有促进作用,25 mg/L～160 mg/L的Zn2 溶液随着浓度的增高使得小麦种子的发芽和幼苗根系及地上部分的生长发育受到押制,同时叶绿素的含量也有所降低;相同浓度的锌溶液对不同品种的小麦有不同程度的影响.     

粒状电介质形态对介质阻挡放电特性的影响

选取自制高岭土颗粒和氧化铝颗粒作为介质阻挡放电的电介质,并将其作为板-板式气体放电填充床反应器的填充材料,通过对反应器放电特性的实验研究。研究了电场强度、李萨如图形、放电功率以及电流脉冲情况,初步探讨了粒状电介质阻挡放电机制。并从粒径、成分、排序三个角度进行了结果分析,进而总结这三方面因素对气体放电的影响规律。     

湖南省雷电特征及闪电数据分析

湖南是雷暴多发区,雷暴分布是南多北少,西多东少。近35年地面雷暴观测数据显示,全省年平均雷暴数呈下降趋势。湖南闪电以负地闪为主,占总地闪的94．59％,平均闪电强度随着海拔高度的增加而加大,长沙、韶山为闪电强度低值中心。一天中13～20时是闪电高发期,正地闪的平均能量要大于负地闪。     

Opportunities and challenges for development of urbanization in Western China

Urban and rural dual structure in Western China is obvious.The economic development of the central cities is relatively quick while that of the rural areas is lagging behind.The speeding up of urbanization contributes to the intensively uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas.Besides,the eco-fragile environment,shortage of available water resources,adverse geographic location,and relatively backward social economy restrict the development of urbanization in Western China.However,Western China also has the advantages of backwardness.This paper analyzes the present situation and development trend of urbanization in Western China.The results show that Western China has basically formed a development pattern with"industry promotes agriculture and urban leads to village".Therefore,combined with the present situation of Western China,this paper describes and analyzes the opportunities and challenges that may appear in the process of urbanization in Western China,puts forward the development pattern in which urban and rural areas can gain mutual support and co-development,and provides related recommendations.     

Restorating marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goad for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong,China

Abstract

The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed—reduction of 83% of BOD load and 82% of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health covers not only physical, chemical and biological aspects of an ecosystem, but also ecosystem-service-function aspect. It is recommended to take the restoration and protection of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal, instead of water quality objective management, for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour catchment. Steps to further improve the marine coastal ecosystem health of Tolo harbour are discussed in the paper.