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41.
Pinealectomy shortens resynchronisation times of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) circadian rhythms
In many birds periodic melatonin secretion by the pineal organ is essential for the high-amplitude self-sustained output of
the circadian pacemaker, and thus for the persistence of rhythmicity in 24 h oscillations controlled by it. The elimination
of the pineal melatonin rhythm, or a reduction of its amplitude, renders the circadian pacemaker a less self-sustained, often
highly damped, oscillatory system. A reduction in the degree of self-sustainment of a rhythm should not only increase its
range of entrainment but also shorten the resynchronization times following phase-shifts of the zeitgeber. This hypothesis
has not yet been directly tested. We therefore carried out the present study in which house sparrows (Passer domesticus) were subjected to both 6-h advance and 6-h delay phase-shifts of the light–dark cycle before and after the pinealectomy,
and the rhythms in locomotion and feeding were recorded. The results indicate that following the delay, but not the advance,
phase shift, resynchronization times were significantly shorter after pinealectomy. The dependence of resynchronization times
on the presence or absence of the pineal organ is not only of theoretical interest but might also be of functional significance
in the natural life of birds. A reduction or elimination of the amplitude of the melatonin secretion rhythm by the pineal
organ might be responsible for faster adjustment to changes in zeitgeber conditions in nature.
Professor Dr E. Gwinner died on 07 September 2004. 相似文献
42.
Impact of biogenic terpene emissions from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> on tropospheric ozone over saxony (Germany) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Renner E Münzenberg A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(3):147-153
INTRODUCTION: The role of biogenic emissions in tropospheric ozone production is currently under discussion and major aspects are not well understood yet. This study aims towards the estimation of the influence of biogenic emissions on tropospheric ozone concentrations over Saxony in general and of biogenic emissions from brassica napus in special. MODELLING TOOLS: The studies are performed by utilizing a coupled numerical modelling system consisting of the meteorological model METRAS and the chemistry transport model MUSCAT. For the chemical part, the Euro-RADM algorithm is used. EMISSIONS: Anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are taken into account. The anthropogenic emissions are introduced by an emission inventory. Biogenic emissions, VOC and NO, are calculated within the chemical transport model MUSCAT at each time step and in each grid cell depending on land use type and on the temperature. The emissions of hydrocarbons from forest areas as well as biogenic NO especially from agricultural grounds are considered. Also terpene emissions from brassica napus fields are estimated. SIMULATION SETUP AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS: The simulations were performed over an area with an extension of 160 x 140 km2 which covers the main parts of Saxony and neighboring areas of Brandenburg, Sachsen-Anhalt and Thuringia. Summer smog with high ozone concentrations can be expected during high pressure conditions on hot summer days. Typical meteorological conditions for such cases were introduced in an conceptual way. RESULTS: It is estimated that biogenic emissions change tropospheric ozone concentrations in a noticeable way (up to 15% to 20%) and, therefore, should not be neglected in studies about tropospheric ozone. Emissions from brassica napus do have a moderate potential to enhance tropospheric ozone concentrations, but emissions are still under consideration and, therefore, results vary to a high degree. CONCLUSIONS: Summing up, the effect of brassica napus terpene emissions on ozone concentrations is noticeable, but not too pronounced. The results give a preliminary estimate on what the effect due to brassica napus emissions could be until better parameterizations can be derived from measurements. 相似文献
43.
A precipitation network consisting of 15 sites as part of the national project SANA was established to document and characterize the spatial and temporal changes of pollutants in the precipitation of East Germany. Long-term data records show a significant decrease of sulfate and calcium in the precipitation. The acidity and the nitrogen-containing ions have been remained unchanged up to now. 相似文献
44.
45.
Ahmad B. Moradi Héctor M. Conesa Brett H. Robinson Eberhard Lehmann Anders Kaestner Rainer Schulin 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(8-9):2189-2196
We compared root responses of the Ni-hyperaccumulator plant Berkheya coddii Rossler with the non-accumulator plant Cicer arietinum L. to Ni heterogeneity in soil. We grew plants in growth containers filled with control soil, homogeneously spiked, and heterogeneously spiked soil with Ni concentrations of 62 and 125 mg kg?1. Neutron radiography (NR) was used to observe the root distribution and the obtained images were analysed to reveal the root volumes in the spiked and unspiked segments of the growth container. There was no significant difference in root distribution pattern of B. coddii among different concentrations of Ni. Unlike B. coddii, the roots of C. arietinum initially grew into the spiked segments. However, the later developing roots did not penetrate the spiked segment suggesting an avoidance strategy. Our results indicate that, B. coddii does not forage towards the Ni-rich patches, although presence of Ni in soil changes its root morphology. 相似文献
46.
The social and environmental impacts of rapidly expanding coal and gas industries have generated high levels of public concern and there is increasing evidence of cumulative impacts. In the Bowen Basin of Queensland (Australia) water quality issues have triggered a collaborative response to coordinate monitoring efforts, integrate data and information and undertake regional analysis to inform landscape-scale management. Collaborative governance is promoted as a response to complex environmental problems, such as cumulative impacts. However, application of this approach to the resources and energy sectors remains a significant research gap. This paper reports the results of action research in the 2 years taken to negotiate the establishment of collaborative governance arrangements to address mine-water discharge impacts in the Bowen Basin. The long establishment phase has been required to refine objectives, build trust, develop governance mechanisms and secure resourcing commitments. The partnership established involves more than 20 organisations including regulators, resources and energy companies, agricultural industries and research organisations. The breadth of participating sectors is a significant innovation, but also represents a major challenge in establishing this model of regional environmental governance. Promising strategies adopted to manage these tensions have included neutral brokerage, facilitative leadership, establishing legitimacy of the collaboration and credibility of its reports. The case study provides a cautionary tale of the pursuit of the promise of ‘everyone working together’ to address cumulative impacts. Policy implications include the need for extended commitment and integration of collaborative and other responses. 相似文献
47.
Ina Fickelscher Heike Starke Eberhard Schulze Günther Ernst Nadezda Kosyakova Hasmik Mkrtchyan Kay MacDermont Neil Sebire Thomas Liehr 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(8):783-785
A prenatally ascertained case with a de novo small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 1 is reported. Due to a fetal heart defect the parents decided in favour of an induced abortion. Postmortem, a molecular cytogenetic study on eleven formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of the fetus was performed, to further characterize the levels of mosaicism of the sSMC(1). sSMC presence varied between 13 and 62% within different tissues of sSMC carriers. This finding is something common in sSMC carriers and could explain why up to the present no clinical correlations for sSMC mosaicism and clinical outcome in the corresponding carriers could be established. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
48.
黑三角地区:适合于欧洲吗? --黑三角地区空气质量的数字化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eberhard Renner 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(3):231-235
"黑三角"地区包括波希米亚(原捷克斯洛伐克西部一个地区)北部、萨克森州(原民主德国一个州)南部以及下西里西亚(波兰、捷克和德国部分地区)的一部分. 相似文献
49.
Andres Gartmann Mathias D. Müller Eberhard Parlow Roland Vogt 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2012,12(2):185-200
Studying urban air-transport phenomena is highly complex, because of the heterogenous flow patterns that can arise. The main
reason for these is the variable topology of urban areas, however, there is a large number of influencing variables such as
meteorological conditions (e.g., wind situation, temperature) and anthropogenic factors such as traffic emissions. During
a one-year CO2 measurement campaign in the city of Basel, Switzerland, steep CO2 gradients were measured around a large building. The concentration differences showed a strong dependency on the local flow
regimes. Analysis of the field data alone did not provide a complete explanation for the mechanisms underlying the observed
phenomena. The key numerical parameters were defined and the influence of turbulent kinetic energy dependency on the time
interval for the Reynolds decomposition was studied. A Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach
was applied in the study area and the CO2 concentrations were simulated for six significant meteorological situations and compared to the measured data. Two flow regimes
dependent on the wind situation, which either enhanced or suppressed the concentration of CO2 in the street canyon, were identified. The enhancement of CO2 in the street canyon led to a large difference in CO2 concentration between the backyard- and street-sides of a building forming the one wall of the canyon. The specific characteristics
of the flow patterns led to the identification of the processes determining the observed differences in CO2 concentrations. The combined analysis of measurement and modeling showed the importance of reliable field measurements and
CFD simulations with a high spatial resolution to assess transport mechanisms in urban areas. 相似文献
50.