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Gómez-Ariza JL Giráldez I Morales E Ariese F Cofino W Quevauviller P 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》1999,1(2):197-202
The stability of both tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) in water, sediment, oysters and cockles was studied over a period of 18 months using several storage conditions. Butyltins were stable in unacidified sea-water stored in polycarbonate bottles in the dark at 4 degrees C for 7 months, but half of the TBT concentration was lost after 540 d. A comparable preservation time was achieved for butyltins stored on C18 cartridges at room temperature. However, phenyltins extracted from sea-water were stable for only 60 d stored on cartridges and even more pronounced losses (about 90% after 540 d) occurred when they were stored in either polycarbonate or Pyrex glass bottles. Losses of organotins were observed in sediments after air drying and pasteurization treatments using a freeze-dried sediment as a comparator, whereas both butyltin and phenyltin species remained stable in sediments stored at -20 degrees C for the 18 months tested, irrespective of the treatment used for stabilization. Air drying followed by pasteurization was shown to be superior to other treatments for the stabilization of organotin compounds in sediments stored at higher temperatures, but 30% of TBT was lost after 540 d at 25 degrees C. Finally, butyltins were stable in both frozen cockles and oysters in the dark over a 7 month period and in freeze-dried samples stored at 4 degrees C for 5 months, but TBT losses of about 70% were observed after 540 d. 相似文献
857.
Ángela Asensio-Martínez Michael P. Leiter Santiago Gascón Stephanie Gumuchian Bárbara Masluk Paola Herrera-Mercadal 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2019,25(2):287-295
Employees working in the hospitality industry are constantly exposed to occupational stressors that may lead employees into experiencing burnout syndrome. Research addressing the interactive effects of control, community and value congruence to alleviate the impact of workplace demands on experiencing burnout is relatively limited. The present study examined relationships among control, community and value congruence, workplace demands and the three components of burnout. A sample of 418 employees working in a variety of hospitality associations including restaurants and hotels in Spain were recruited. Moderation analyses and linear regressions analyzed the predictive power of control, community and value congruence as moderating variables. Results indicate that control, community and value congruence were successful buffers in the relationships between workplace demands and the burnout dimensions. The present findings offer suggestions for future research on potential moderating variables, as well as implications for reducing burnout among hospitality employees. 相似文献
858.
Laetitia Kaas Ann-Claire Gourinat Florence Urbès Jérémie Langlet 《Food and environmental virology》2016,8(1):46-56
Human enteric viruses occur in high concentrations in wastewater and can contaminate receiving environmental waters. Due to the lack of data on the prevalence of enteric viruses in New Caledonia, the presence and the concentrations of enteric viruses in wastewater and seawater were determined. Untreated wastewater and seawater samples were collected monthly for 1 year from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and from the WWTP’s outlet, located directly on a popular recreational beach. Samples were tested for norovirus genogroups I and II (NoV GI and GII), astroviruses (AsV), sapoviruses (SaV), enteroviruses (EV), hepatitis A viruses (HAV), rotaviruses (RoV), human adenoviruses (HAdV) and human polyomaviruses (HPyV). To support these data, faecal samples from cases of gastroenteritis were tested for the first time for NoV and detected in the population. NoV GI, NoV GII, EV, SaV, HAdV and HPyV were detected in all wastewaters, RoV in 75 % and AsV in 67 %. HAV were not detected in wastewater. Overall, 92 % of seawater samples were positive for at least one virus. HPyV were detected most frequently in 92 % of samples and at concentrations up to 7.7 × 103 genome copies/L. NoV GI, NoV GII, EV, SaV, RoV and HAdV were found in 33, 66, 41, 33, 16 and 66 % of seawater samples, respectively. AsV were not detected in seawater. This study reports for the first time the presence of NoV and other enteric viruses in New Caledonia and highlights the year-round presence of enteric viruses in the seawater of a popular beach. 相似文献
859.
The establishment of fighting rules and the ability to recognise individual conspecifics and to assess their fighting ability
and/or roles may help to reduce costs of fighting. We staged encounters between males of the lizard Podarcis hispanica to examine whether lizards used fighting strategies and whether a previous agonistic experience affects the outcome and characteristics
of a subsequent encounter. The results showed that simple rules such as body size differences and residence condition were
used to determine the outcome of agonistic interactions as quickly as possible. Thus, larger males were dominant in most encounters.
However, when size differences between opponents are smaller, they may be more difficult to estimate and, then, residence
condition was more important. In addition, the intensity of interactions between males could be explained according to the
”sequential assessment game”, supporting the idea that P. hispanica males acquire information about fighting ability gradually during the progress of a fight. Our results also showed that the
second fight of the same pair of males was less aggressive, even when its outcome was the opposite of the first. This result
suggests that male P. hispanica can recognise individual opponents and that they use this information to reach a contest outcome more quickly, thus reducing
unnecessary aggression levels in subsequent interactions. These fighting strategies and assessment mechanisms may help to
stabilise the social system of this lizard.
Received: 2 November 1999 / Revised: 26 August 2000 / Accepted: 4 September 2000 相似文献
860.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Steroids are abundant in living organisms and are responsible for various biological functions. They are good candidates for inclusion complexes formation with... 相似文献