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991.
Roope Lasanen Olavi Airaksinen Jari Karhu Juha Töyräs Petro Julkunen 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2018,24(3):457-463
Introduction. Musculoskeletal symptoms related to using traditional computer workstations are common. Quantitative methods for measuring muscle stress and strain are needed to improve ergonomics of workstations. We hypothesize that infrared thermography (IRT) is suited for this purpose. Methods. This hypothesis was evaluated by estimating muscle activity in upright and traditional working postures with IRT and surface electromyography (sEMG). IRT and sEMG measurements were conducted in 14 female participants with both working postures. First, measurements with the traditional posture were performed. Later, participants had 1?month to adjust to the upright working posture before repeating the measurements. IRT images were acquired before and after a full working day, with sEMG recordings being conducted throughout the measurement days. Participants evaluated their neck pain severity using neck disability index (NDI) questionnaires before the first and after the second measurement day. Results. Spatial variation in upper back temperature was higher (p?=?0.008) when working in traditional posture and the upright working posture reduced (p?0.05) upper back muscle activity. The NDI was significantly lower (p?=?0.003) after working in the upright posture. Conclusion. IRT was found suitable for evaluating muscle activity and upright working posture to reduce the NDI and muscle activity in the upper back. 相似文献
992.
Dilermando Pereira Lima Junior André Lincoln Barroso Magalhães Fernando Mayer Pelicice Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule Valter M. Azevedo-Santos Mário Luís Orsi Daniel Simberloff Angelo Antônio Agostinho 《Ambio》2018,47(4):427-440
The Convention on Biological Diversity proposed the Aichi Biodiversity Targets to improve conservation policies and to balance economic development, social welfare, and the maintenance of biodiversity/ecosystem services. Brazil is a signatory of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and is the most diverse country in terms of freshwater fish, but its national policies have supported the development of unsustainable commercial and ornamental aquaculture, which has led to serious disturbances to inland ecosystems and natural resources. We analyzed the development of Brazilian aquaculture to show how current aquaculture expansion conflicts with all 20 Aichi Targets. This case suggests that Brazil and many other megadiverse developing countries will not meet international conservation targets, stressing the need for new strategies, such as the environmental management system, to improve biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
993.
Gábor Veréb Ildikó Kovács Mihály Zakar Szabolcs Kertész Cecilia Hodúr Zsuzsanna László 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(35):34976-34984
In the present study, oil in water emulsions (coil?=?100 ppm; doil droplets?<?2 μm) was purified with ozonation followed by microfiltration using polyethersulfone (PES) membrane (dpore?=?0.2 μm). The effects of pre-ozonation on membrane microfiltration were investigated in detail both in case of ultrapure and model groundwater matrices, applying different durations (0, 5, 10, and 20 min) of pre-ozonation. Simultaneously, the effects of added inorganic water components on the combined method were investigated. Size distribution of oil droplets, zeta potentials, fluxes, and purification efficiencies were measured and fouling mechanisms were described in all cases. It was found that the matrix significantly affected the size distribution and adherence ability of oil droplets onto the membrane surface, therefore fouling mechanisms also were strongly dependent on the matrix. In case of low salt concentration, the total resistance was caused mainly by reversible resistance, which could be significantly reduced (eliminated) by pre-ozonation. In case of model groundwater matrix, nearly twice higher total resistance was measured, and irreversible resistance was dominant, because of the higher adhesion ability of the oil droplets onto the membrane surface. In this case, pre-ozonation resulted in much lower irreversible, but higher reversible resistance. Increased duration of pre-ozonation raised the total resistance and reduced the elimination efficiency (due to fragmented oil droplets and water soluble oxidation by-products) in both cases, therefore short pre-ozonation can be recommended both from economic and performance aspects. 相似文献
994.
Lucía Emilia Iglesias Carlos Saumell Federica Sagüés Juan Manuel Sallovitz Adrián Luis Lifschitz 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(1):42-48
The aim of this work was to evaluate the fate of ivermectin (IVM) at two concentrations in cattle feces and its movement to the nearby soil and plants. Feces were spiked with IVM at two levels: 3000 ng g?1 (high group, HG) and 300 ng g?1 (low group, LG). Artificial dung pats were prepared and deposited in an experimental field area. Feces and underlying soil were sampled up to 60 days post-deposition (dpd). As an additional analysis, grasses growing around the pats were sampled at 30 and 60 dpd. Ivermectin concentrations in all matrices were determined by HPLC. Mean IVM fecal concentrations were in the range between 3901.9 ng g?1 and 2419.2 ng g?1 (high group) and 375.3 ng g?1 and 177.49 ng g?1 (low group). Mean times for 50% and 90% dissipation were 88.23 and 293.03 days (HG) and 39.1 and 129.9 days (LG). Soil concentrations ranged from 26.1 ng g?1 to 71.1 ng g?1 (HG) and 3.4 to 5.9 ng g?1 (LG); in plants, concentrations were between 71.4 and 380.8 ng g?1 and 5.40 and 51.8 ng g?1 in HG and LG, respectively. These results confirm that IVM moves from feces to the underlying soil as well as to nearby plants. The potential risk of detrimental effects on soil organisms and the impact on herbivorous animals should be further evaluated. 相似文献
995.
José Chang Kee María J. Gonzales Olga Ponce Lorena Ramírez Vladimir León Adelia Torres Melissa Corpus Raúl Loayza-Muro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(34):33957-33966
Metal contamination is a recurring problem in Peru, caused mainly by mine tailings from a past active mining activity. The Ancash region has the largest number of environmental liabilities, which mobilizes high levels of metals and acid drainages into soils and freshwater sources, posing a standing risk on human and environmental health. Native plant species spontaneously growing on naturally acidified soils and acid mine tailings show a unique tolerance to high metal concentrations and are thus potential candidates for soil phytoremediation. However, little is known about their propagation capacity and metal accumulation under controlled conditions. In this study, we aimed at characterizing nine native plant species, previously identified as potential hyperaccumulators, from areas impacted by mine tailings in the Ancash region. Plants were grown on mine soils under greenhouse conditions during 5 months, after which the concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn was analyzed in roots, shoots, and soils. The bioaccumulation (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated to determine the amount of each metal accumulated in the roots and shoots and to identify which species could be better suited for phytoremediation purposes. Soil samples contained high Cd (6.50–49.80 mg/kg), Cu (159.50–1187.00 mg/kg), Ni (3.50–8.70 mg/kg), Pb (1707.00–4243.00 mg/kg), and Zn (909.00–7100.00 mg/kg) concentrations exceeding national environmental quality standards. After exposure to mine tailings, concentrations of metals in shoots were highest in Werneria nubigena (Cd, 16.68 mg/kg; Cu, 41.36 mg/kg; Ni, 26.85 mg/kg; Zn, 1691.03 mg/kg), Pennisetum clandestinum (Pb, 236.86 mg/kg), and Medicago lupulina (Zn, 1078.10 mg/kg). Metal concentrations in the roots were highest in Juncus bufonius (Cd, 34.34 mg/kg; Cu, 251.07 mg/kg; Ni, 6.60 mg/kg; Pb, 718.44 mg/kg) and M. lupulina (Zn, 2415.73 mg/kg). The greatest BAF was calculated for W. nubigena (Cd, 1.92; Cu, 1.20; Ni, 6.50; Zn, 3.50) and J. bufonius (Ni, 3.02; Zn, 1.30); BCF for Calamagrostis recta (Cd, 1.09; Cu, 1.80; Ni, 1.09), J. bufonius (Cd, 3.91; Cu, 1.79; Ni, 18.36), and Achyrocline alata (Ni, 137; Zn, 1.85); and TF for W. nubigena (Cd, 2.36; Cu, 1.70; Ni, 2.42; Pb, 1.17; Zn, 1.43), A. alata (Cd, 1.14; Pb, 1.94), J. bufonius (Ni, 2.72; Zn, 1.63), and P. clandestinum (Zn, 1.14). Our results suggest that these plant species have a great potential for soil phytoremediation, given their capability to accumulate and transfer metals and their tolerance to highly metal-polluted environments in the Andean region. 相似文献
996.
Ewa Anna Dembowska Tomasz Mieszczankin Paweł Napiórkowski 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(2):95
Covering more than 60% of the lake surface, macrophytes determined the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton. We have found numerous indications of ecological deterioration and an increased trophic level year to year: an increased total number of taxa; a significantly increased number of species of Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanoprokaryota; a decreased number of Chrysophyceae; increased Nygaard index, and high diversity and variability of phytoplankton functional groups. Within 2 years (2002 and 2003) algal biomass doubled: from 3.616 to 7.968 mg l?1. An increased contribution of Chlorococcales and Cyanoprokaryota indicates progressive eutrophication of the lake. The average size of planktonic algae increased, particularly Cyanoprokaryota, where small-celled decreased dramatically and were replaced by large colonies. Cyanoprokaryota remained the dominant group of phytoplankton after 10 years, and the ecosystem of the lake remained in the turbid state. This group of algae had the average biomass 9.734 mg l?1, which constituted almost 92% of the total biomass. 相似文献
997.
Mario Pérez-Rincón Julieth Vargas-Morales Zulma Crespo-Marín 《Sustainability Science》2018,13(3):635-648
In the global map of environmental injustices (http://www.ejatlas.com), the Andean countries (AC) report many ecological distribution conflicts. Our hypothesis is that the patterns of such conflicts are explained by the structural shifts of the economies and the concomitant changes in their metabolic profiles. Since the 1990s, these countries went through a strong reprimarization process, which changed their social metabolism as well as intensified environmental pressures and conflicts. In monetary terms, in the AC group of countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia), the primary sector increased its importance both in exports as well as in GDP. In the metabolic dynamics, the Domestic Extraction of materials (measured in tons) increased by a factor of 3.4 after jumping from 336 to 1145 MT between 1970 and 2012. This was driven by the fossil fuel and mining sectors. This reality was reflected in the environmental conflicts. Mining, fossil fuels, biomass and hydropower plants are the most conflictive sectors. The research in this article relies on a study of material flow analysis for the four AC carried out by the authors as well as 244 environmental conflicts reported in the EJAtlas until August 2016. The shifts in the metabolic–economic patterns help explain the dynamics and characteristics of the environmental conflicts in the AC. Such conflicts produce social mobilizations, which if successful, might help move society towards sustainability and environmental equity. 相似文献
998.
Mehmet?CetinEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Fatih?Adiguzel Omer?Kaya Ahmet?Sahap 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2018,20(1):361-375
People are relaxed (satisfied or well-off) in what is described as comfortable climatic conditions. In such conditions, a person’s energy balance is not disturbed because of stresses from extreme heat or cold. Bioclimatic structure has been well researched and should be a consideration in the planning process for arranging comfortable spaces. It represents the understanding that energy balance is one of the basic elements of a sustainable landscape design. The goals of this study have been to create ideal places for human thermal comfort and to advance objectives focused on the importance of sustainable and ecological landscape planning and design work, along with their accompanying economic benefits. In this study, which focuses on the climate of the Province of Aydin, the most suitable areas for bioclimatic comfort have been identified. The climate values for the Aydin Province have been taken from a total of 22 meteorological stations. Stations at altitudes ranging from 11 to 871 m were used to note the climate changes that occurred. The average temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed from each station, including data collected using Geographic Information System (GIS) software, were transferred. GIS maps were then created from the imported data, and areas of optimal comfort around the city of Aydin were determined. The results show the range that is suitable for a bioclimatic comfort zone in Aydin. The bioclimatic comfort range was determined to be roughly 17 °C for Aydin, and the city of Aydin demonstrated a comfort range between 14 and 19 °C. As a result, the city of Aydin was shown to be a suitable area for bioclimatic comfort. 相似文献
999.
Verónica I. Pierini Norberto Bartoloni Silvia E. Ratto 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2018,20(6):2795-2809
Closed landfills need after-closure rehabilitation. The chosen option should ensure greenhouse gases release, from the landfill, is not promoted once settled. The objective of this study was to estimate and confront, during different seasons, CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions under three vegetation covers in a closed landfill in Buenos Aires, Argentina. CH4 (methane), CO2 (carbon dioxide) and N2O (nitrous oxide) emissions from landfill’s technosol under spontaneous vegetation (control), Pennisetum purpureum and Miscanthus giganteus (biomass crops), were quantified with non-steady-state non-flow-through chambers, in July 2014 and from February to July 2015. A linear regression analysis was performed to relate the variables “flux of a gas” and “concentration of that gas” from the 3 treatments and 6 dates, separating the 5 sampling times. A high correlation between concentrations and fluxes of CO2 and N2O was found, but no correlation was established for CH4. Mean emissions (2014–2015) varied from: ?2.3 to 639.41 mgCH4 m?2 day?1, 3884 to 46,365 mgCO2 m?2 day?1 and 0.40 to 14.59 mgN2O m?2 day?1. Vegetation covers had no significant effect on CH4 and N2O concentration in time, but they had on CO2 concentration. Season of the year had a significant effect on concentration of the three gases. This is the first study on CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions from a landfill closed 27 years ago covered with biomass crops. 相似文献
1000.
?iga?MalekEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Veronica?Zumpano Haydar?Hussin 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2018,20(3):1275-1291
This study investigates consequences of future changes to the provision of ecosystem services (ES) in the Romanian Carpathians. Two 2040 forest management scenarios were compared, using two indicators to describe the gains and losses of ES. Changes in landslide regulation potential were defined as changes to landslide susceptibility. High nature value grasslands characterized biodiversity support. The business as usual scenario results in a 8% lower loss of landslide regulation potential compared to the alternative scenario. It also results in a 29% higher regional net gain of landslide regulation potential. Both scenarios result in the loss of biodiversity support due to their prevalent transition of forest expansion. This type of information is crucial for informing decision makers on the locations of potential gains and losses of future development. 相似文献