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81.
Elena Sychenko 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2016,22(3):310-319
This paper argues the possibility of establishing common principles of protection from psychosocial risks (PSR) on the basis of the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) expressed in recent cases on degrading treatment and occupational health. The author focuses on the positive obligations of the States to ensure the protection of the right for life and of the right to respect for private life. The prohibition of degrading treatment in relations between private persons is also considered as relevant to the issue of the protection from PSR. Analyzing the Court's case law (judgments of the Court) we substantiate the possibility of claiming protection from PSR under the European Convention on Human Rights, namely, articles 2, 3 and 6, 8. 相似文献
82.
This paper describes and analyses the public health system response to the deadly earthquake in Sichuan province, China, in May 2008. Drawing on an experiential learning project consisting of a literature review and field research, including a series of interviews with medical and public health professionals, policy‐makers and first responders, a conceptual framework was developed to describe the response. This approach emphasises the pre‐existing preparedness level of the medical and public health systems, as well as social, economic and geo‐political factors that had an impact on mitigation efforts. This framework was used to conduct post‐disaster analyses addressing major response issues and examining methods employed during the public health response to the disaster. This framework could be used to describe and analyse the emergency response to other disasters. 相似文献
83.
Ofelia Morton-Bermea Omar Amador-Muñoz Lida Martínez-Trejo Elizabeth Hernández-Álvarez Laura Beramendi-Orosco María Elena García-Arreola 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(5):987-994
The increase in platinum (Pt) in the airborne particulate matter with size ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) in urban environments may be interpreted as result of the abrasion and deterioration of automobile catalyst. Nowadays, about four million vehicles in Mexico City use catalytic converters, which means that their impact should be considered. In order to evaluate the contribution of Pt to environmental pollution of the metropolitan area of Mexico City (MAMC), airborne PM2.5 was collected at five different sites in the urban area (NW, NE, C, SW, SE) in 2011 during April (dry-warm season), August (rainy season) and December (dry-cold season). Analytical determinations were carried out using a ICP-MS with a collision cell and kinetic energy discrimination. The analytical and instrument performance was evaluated with standard road dust reference material (BCR-723). Median Pt concentration in the analyzed particulate was is 38.4 pg m?3 (minimal value 1 pg m?3 maximal value 79 pg m?3). Obtained Pt concentrations are higher than those reported for other urban areas. Spatial variation shows that SW had Pt concentration significantly higher than NW and C only. Seasonal variation shows that Pt median was higher in rainy season than in both dry seasons. A comparison of these results with previously reported data of PM10 from 1991 and 2003 in the same studied area shows a worrying increase in the concentration of Pt in the air environment of MAMC. 相似文献
84.
Economic analysis of optimal ecosystem management in the presence of a threshold has typically ignored the potential for induced behavioral responses. This paper contributes to the literature on non-convex ecosystem management by considering the implications of a particular behavioral response in a regional economy – that of amenity-led growth – to changes in ecosystem services generated by a lake ecosystem subject to a eutrophication threshold. The essential policy challenge is to achieve optimal levels of lake nutrients and urbanization given that improvements to water quality will induce additional migration and urbanization in the region with attendant ecological impacts. We show that policies that ignore the recursive relationship between urbanization and water quality unintentionally exacerbate boom-bust cycles of regional growth and decline and risk pushing the system towards long-run economic decline. In contrast, the optimal policy accounts for the behavioral feedbacks to improved ecosystem services, and balances regional growth and ecological degradation. 相似文献
85.
Hydrogeochemical considerations about the origin of groundwater salinization in some coastal plains of Elba Island (Tuscany,Italy) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elena Giménez-Forcada Alberto Bencini Giovanni Pranzini 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(3):243-257
Several coastal plains of the Elba Island (Marina di Campo, Portoferraio, Schiopparello, Mola, Porto Azzurro and Barbarossa
plains) in Tuscany (Italy) were studied to determine the causes of decline in groundwater quality, using major ion chemistry
to establish the causes of groundwater salinization. The study demonstrates that salinization of coastal plain alluvial aquifers
is not simply linked to seawater intrusion but is also intimately related to inflows from adjacent aquifers. Ionic ratios,
correlation graphs and distribution value maps were employed as the means to understand the hydrochemistry of the study areas.
The Mg/Cl ratio in particular can be considered a good tracer to distinguish the main salinization processes that control
groundwater chemistry. Seawater intrusion only partly determines the chemistry of some groundwaters, which generally belong
to a chloride facies where the salinity is derived principally from freshwater–seawater mixing and the participation of cation
exchange. Proceeding inland groundwater quality seems to be principally determined by the inflow of Mg, Ca-HCO3 or Ca, Na-HCO3 waters formed from the weathering of silicate minerals in adjoining aquifers. Hydrolysis of these minerals is of prime importance
in controlling groundwater chemistry in adjacent alluvial plains. The lateral recharge flows introduce water with a different
chemical composition and this variable of freshwater recharge changes the hydrochemistry as a result of mixing between two
or more waters types. This situation is further complicated when seawater and base exchange reactions participate, due to
seawater intrusion. 相似文献
86.
Shrimp trawling is common throughout the southeastern and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the USA and is the primary contributor
to fisheries discards in these regions. Tens of thousands of nearshore seabirds nest near shrimp trawling grounds in the USA,
but to date, there has been no assessment of the relationship between seabirds and shrimp trawlers. We examined the taxonomic
composition of bycatch, rate at which seabirds scavenged bycatch, and energy density of discarded bycatch in a nearshore commercial
shrimp fishery. Bycatch was primarily comprised of demersal fish that are not typically accessible to the plunge-diving and
surface-feeding seabirds that occur in the area. Hence, seabird diets in the region appear to be broadened taxonomically by
the availability of discards. Results from discard experiments indicated that 70% of the nearly 5,500 items discarded by hand
were scavenged by seabirds and that the fate of a discarded item was most strongly predicted by its taxonomic order. Laughing
gulls scavenged the greatest proportion of discards, although brown pelicans were the only species to scavenge more discards
than predicted based upon their abundance. Because this is the first such study in the region, it is difficult to ascertain
the extent or intensity of the impact that discards have on nearshore seabirds. Nonetheless, our results suggest that it will
be difficult for managers to clearly understand fluctuations in local seabird population dynamics without first understanding
the extent to which these species rely upon discards. This may be especially problematic in situations where seabird populations
are recovering following natural or anthropogenic stressors. 相似文献
87.
Today's large-scale poultry production is often accompanied by high concentrations of airborne microorganisms at working places. However, the microbial communities in those bioaerosols are rarely characterised. In this study, we investigated the bacterial population in bioaerosols from a duck hatchery by both cultivation based and molecular methods and compared the results. Depending on used media, concentrations of airborne culturable bacteria varied between 6 × 10(1) and 7 × 10(6) CFU per m(3) air. The corresponding total cell count of DAPI stained cells was 2 × 10(7) cells per m(3) air. 16S rRNA gene analyses of bacterial isolates and clone libraries revealed a low species richness in hatcheries air, respectively. More than 50% of bacterial isolates were phylogenetically most closely related to bacterial species of the risk group 2 (German TRBA). The sequence composition in clone libraries supported the result of cultivation based approaches, whereby sequences assigned to Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Enterococcus are the most common. The high concentration of airborne bacteria which are most closely related to species of potential health risk requires further detailed investigations for these bacterial species. 相似文献
88.
Ahmed A. Nassr Kamran Hessami Elena D’Alberti Antonella Giancotti Nazlisadat Meshinchiasl Mark I. Evans Daniele Di Mascio Alireza A. Shamshirsaz 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(11):1425-1432
To evaluate obstetrical outcomes for women having late amniocentesis (on or after 24 weeks). Electronic databases were searched from inception to January 1st, 2023. The obstetrical outcomes evaluated were gestational age at delivery, preterm birth (PTB) < 37 weeks, PTB within 1 week from amniocentesis, premature prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM), chorionamnionitis, placental abruption, intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) and termination of pregnancy (TOP). The incidence of PTB <37 weeks was 4.85% (95% CI 3.48–6.56), while the incidence of PTB within 1 week was 1.42% (95% CI 0.66–2.45). The rate of pPROM was 2.85% (95% CI 1.21–3.32). The incidence of placental abruption was 0.91% (95% CI 0.16–2.25), while the rate of IUFD was 3.66% (95% CI 0.00–14.04). The rate of women who underwent TOP was 6.37% (95%CI 1.05–15.72). When comparing amniocentesis performed before or after 32 weeks, the incidence of PTB within 1 week was 1.48% (95% CI 0.42–3.19) and 2.38% (95% CI 0.40–5.95). Amniocentesis performed late after 24 weeks of gestation is an acceptable option for patients needing prenatal diagnosis in later gestation. 相似文献
89.
Fillimonova Elena Kharitonova Natalia Baranovskaya Ekaterina Maslov Alexey Aseeva Anna 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2281-2299
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The Caucasian mineral water (CMW) region is a unique area where mineral waters differ by their chemical composition and balneological properties. The... 相似文献
90.
Corniello Alfonso Guida Marco Stellato Luisa Trifuoggi Marco Carraturo Federica Del Gaudio Elena Del Giudice Carmela Forte Giovanni Giarra Antonella Iorio Marina Marzaioli Fabio Toscanesi Maria 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1949-1970
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The study deals with the analyses of springs and wells at the base of Montepugliano Hill that represents the SE edge of the wide carbonate Matese massif... 相似文献