Hybridization of the natural antibiotic, cinnamic acid, with layered double hydroxides (LDH) as green pesticide

Background, aim, and scope  

Heavy application of highly toxic synthetic pesticides has been committed to protect crops against insects and diseases, which have brought about serious environmental problems. Thus, an inevitable and fundamental issue has been how to protect crops without harmful effects on nature. As a fascinating nature-compatible approach, we have attempted to hybridize soil-compatible layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with natural antibiotic substances. Only a few of natural antibiotic substances are available for pest control mainly because of their inherent properties such as easy degradability, high minimum inhibition concentration for practical application, and often extremely low availability, whereas LDHs exhibit unique properties such as anion exchange capacity, acid lability, and high affinity to ubiquitous carbonate ion which make them an excellent inorganic matrix to carry labile biomolecules in soils. This study focuses on the behavior of cinnamate–LDH hybrid in soils and the evaluation of its potentials as a green pesticide.     

我国职业危害的现状分析与对策探讨

本文分析了我国作业场所存在的主要职业危害因素以及职业危害严重的行业、企业以及人群分布,从目前我国所处的工业化阶段、产业结构、经济结构、经济全球化、农村城镇化、社会保障体制以及职业卫生管理等多个方面分析造成我国职业危害严重的原因,并试图探索遏制我国职业危害严重势头的对策措施.     

Valuing the benefits of the urban forest: a spatial hedonic approach

This paper measures the benefits of the urban forest by examining its effect on housing prices. A Geographic Information System is used to develop a measure of the urban forest, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, from satellite imagery and to construct other variables from a variety of sources. Spatial hedonic housing price models for the Indianapolis/Marion County area are estimated. The models indicate that greener vegetation around a property has a positive, significant effect on housing price, holding everything else constant. This effect is dominated by measures at the neighborhood level. These findings indicate that property owners value the urban forest, at least in part, by the premium they pay to live in neighborhoods with greener, denser vegetation. These findings also indicate that public action to maintain and enhance the urban forest may be warranted. Planners and urban foresters can use these findings to inform public and policy debates over urban forestry programs and proposals.     

建设项目职业病危害评价中的关键问题探讨

在我国现有的建设项目职业病危害评价相关的法规标准中,有许多不够清晰和明确之处。技术改造和改建、扩建项目的辅助设施评价的范围界定不明确,建设项目建设过程中以及外包或转包工作中的职业危害评价,临时聘用人员的职业健康体检与培训等没有包括在评价范围之内。另外,相关的法规标准中,存在制定的接触限值标准的覆盖面有限,检测标准不配套,定量评价方法较为薄弱,部分符合标准的很难简单地评价结论等问题。针对存在的问题,该文进行分析,并提出使之完善的建议,以切实落实《职业病防治法》,真正保障从业人员的身体健康。     

滇池流域环境变迁及环境修复的社会机制

滇池流域人口、经济的高速增长与滇池水面的迅速缩减，使得滇池流域经济社会活动超过了其环境容量；滇池流域洁净地表水的截流与城乡生产、生活污水向滇池的肆意排放，使得滇池缺少源头活水而成为“污水池”。社会机制是修复滇池流域环境的重要方面。因此，本文特建议：增强居民环境意识，推动绿色社团建设，加强社会舆论监督，发动公众自觉参与。     

三维定量构效关系研究进展

三维定量构效关系 ( 3D -QSAR)研究是QSAR发展的前沿。笔者在对 3D -QSAR作简要介绍的基础上 ,通过归纳分析其与传统QSAR的区别 ,论述了 3D -QSAR在方法学和应用方面的最新进展 ,并展望了其在环境科学研究中的应用前景和发展方向。      

基于生态文明的最严格环保制度的框架体系研究

“十八大”报告明确了生态文明建设的突出地位,提出了建立“最严格的环境保护制度”的目标。而当前的环境保护制度已无力应对资源、环境、生态问题。本文首先对生态文明建设实施途径进行解读;然后构建了以“环境规划一社会经济类规划一规划环评”为核心的“最严格环境保护制度”的框架,明确了各自功能定位,并提出了与社会经济类规划相适应的环境规划和规划环评的实施形式、工作内容。     

引信液体储备电池的双环境力模拟方法

同时模拟发射时后坐和旋转两种弹道环境,是研究液体储备电池电性能参数与后坐力和旋转速度之间关系的重要手段。采用空气炮发射方法,将安装电池的弹丸射入旋转筒中,和旋转筒中的冲击垫碰撞,实现后坐与旋转双环境力的模拟。试验结果表明,此方法可以模拟过载在2000¹0000 g,旋转速度300010000 g,旋转速度3000¹2000 r/min的引信电池电性能试验和检测条件。     

Reproductive toxicity and underlying mechanisms of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is an endocrine disruptor commonly found in plastic products that has been associated with reproduction alterations, but the effect of DEHP on toxicity is still widely unknown. Using DEHP concentrations of 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/L, we showed that DEHP reduced the reproductive capacity of Caenorhabditis elegans after 72 hr. of exposure. DEHP exposure reduced the reproductive capacity in terms of decreased brood sizes, egg hatchability (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L), and egg-laying rate (1 and 10 mg/L), and increased numbers of fertilized eggs in the uterus (1 and 10 mg/L). DEHP also caused damage to gonad development. DEHP decreased the total number of germline cells, and decreased the relative area of the gonad arm of all exposure groups, with worms in the 1 mg/L DEHP exposure group having the minimum gonad arm area. Additionally, DEHP caused a significant concentration‐dependent increase in the expression of unc-86. Autophagy and ROS contributed to the enhancement of DEHP toxicity in reducing reproductive capacity, and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were activated as the antioxidant defense in this study. Hence, we found that DEHP has a dual effect on nematodes. Higher concentration (10 mg/L) DEHP can inhibit the expression of autophagy genes (atg-18, atg-7, bec-1, lgg-1 and unc-51), and lower concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg/L) can promote the expression of autophagy genes. Our data highlight the potential environmental risk of DEHP in inducing reproductive toxicity toward the gonad development and reproductive capacity of environmental organisms.