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11.
Steffi Mayer Philipp Klaritsch Scott Petersen Elisa Done Inga Sandaite Holger Till Filip Claus Jan A. Deprest 《黑龙江环境通报》2011,31(11):1086-1096
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Francesca R. Grati Francesca Malvestiti Beatrice Grimi Elisa Gaetani Anna Maria Di Meco Anna Trotta Rosaria Liuti Sara Chinetti Francesca Dulcetti Anna Maria Ruggeri Cristina Agrati Giuditta Frascoli Silvia Milani Simona De Toffol Lorenza Martinoni Silvia Paganini Livia Marcato Federico Maggi Giuseppe Simoni 《黑龙江环境通报》2013,33(5):502-508
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Escalante M Rodríguez-Malaver AJ Araujo E González AM Rojas OJ Peñaloza N Bullón J Lara MA Dmitrieva N Pérez-Pérez E 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2005,26(4):709-718
One of the limitations of the biodegradation of hydrophobic chemical compounds, like lignins, is their low solubility in the aqueous solution where this process takes place. To resolve this problem, surfactants have been used to improve the solubility of these hydrophobic compounds. In this investigation, we studied the effect of surfactants (anionic, cationic, and non-ionic) on the treatment of Kraft black liquor with Fenton's reagent. In the Fenton reaction, H2O2 (two different concentrations, 10 mM and 20 mM), FeCl2 (1 mM) and surfactant solution (10%) were used. Black liquor degradation was determined by UV/Visible spectrophotometry and by measuring phenolic groups. In the presence of Fenton's reagent, the optimum conditions for the oxidative degradation of black liquor were 10 mM H2O2, 1 microL of 10% solution of anionic surfactant (SDS). The importance of the use of surfactants for preparing black liquor for subsequent Fenton's reagent-mediated degradation was discussed. 相似文献
16.
Naja Brandão Santana Daisy Aparecida do Nascimento Rebelatto Ana Elisa Périco Enzo Barberio Mariano 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2014,21(3):259-272
There is much concern about the social and environmental impacts caused by the economic growth of nations. Thus, to evaluate the socio-economic performance of nations, economists have increasingly addressed matters related to social welfare and the environment. It is within the scope of this context that this work discusses the performance of countries in the BRICS group regarding sustainable development. The objective of this study regards evaluating the efficiency of these countries in transforming productive resources and technological innovation into sustainable development. The proposed objective was achieved by using econometric tools as well as the data envelopment analysis method to then create economic, environmental, and social efficiency rankings for the BRICS countries, which enabled to carry out comparative analyses on the sustainable development of those countries. The results of such assessments can be of interest for more specific scientific explorations. 相似文献
17.
Shifen Xu Elisa D’Angelo Dhritiman Ghosh Jessika Feliciano Sapna K Deo Sylvia Daunert 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3):287-298
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a mixture of 209 individual chlorinated compounds commonly known as PCB congeners. These compounds are hydrophobic and are persistent in the environment. Their use was banned in the US a few decades ago because of harmful health effects. Therefore, detection of PCBs in environmental samples is increasingly important. To that end, we have developed a two-step simple and sensitive method for the detection of total PCBs. Specifically, our method involves dechlorination of PCBs to biphenyl followed by detection of biphenyl using a whole cell sensing system as the detection system. The whole cell sensing system consists of cells of the strain Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 harboring plasmid pSD7000. Plasmid pSD7000 contains the gene of lacZ, a reporter protein under the control of the bph operon. The detection is achieved through the emission of light afforded by the expression of reporter protein triggered by the presence of biphenyl. Due to the fact that this operon is activated only by few PCB congeners, a chemical dechlorination method was employed to convert all PCBs to biphenyl, and thus all the PCBs present in a given sample are able to be detected. The results showed that PCB congeners were rapidly (30?min) and efficiently (>98.5%) dechlorinated to biphenyl using a Mg/K2PdCl6 catalyst, and the biphenyl could be subsequently quantified using the whole cell sensing system. This hybrid analytical method that combines classical dechlorination with novel biosensing methods may find applications in the on-site monitoring of PCBs contamination levels. 相似文献
18.
Silvia Berto Elisa De Laurentiis Chiara Scapuzzi Enrico Chiavazza Ingrid Corazzari Francesco Turci Marco Minella Roberto Buscaino Pier Giuseppe Daniele Davide Vione 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(3):1035-1041
Humic substances are poorly known, though they represent a major pool of non-biotic organic carbon on earth. In particular, there is little knowledge on the formation of humic substances by irradiation of organic matter dissolved in waters. Specifically, it is known that humic substances can be formed from proteins by photochemical processes in surface waters, but the role of single amino acids and their transformation pathways are not yet known. Therefore, here we studied the phototransformation of aqueous l-tryptophan under simulated sunlight. Irradiated l-tryptophan solutions were analyzed by absorption, fluorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies, chromatography, potentiometry and mass spectrometry (MS). The solutions appeared turbid after irradiation; therefore, nephelometry and dynamic laser light scattering were used to characterize the suspended particles. Results show that about 95% of l-tryptophan was degraded in 8-h irradiation, undergoing deamination and decarboxylation of the amino acidic moieties to release ammonium and formate. The MS signal at m/z 146 suggests the formation of 3-ethylindole, while pH-metric and NMR data revealed the presence of hydroxylated compounds. The phototransformation intermediates of l-tryptophan had fluorescence and absorption spectra similar to those of humic substances, they were able to produce ·OH upon irradiation and tended to aggregate by both ionic and hydrophobic interactions. Overall, our findings reveal for the first time the nature of products formed upon phototransformation of l-tryptophan. Interestingly, the transformation of l-tryptophan is quite different from that of the previously studied l-tyrosine, although both compounds produce humic-like materials under irradiation. 相似文献
19.
Giuseppe Castaldelli Elisa Soana Erica Racchetti Enrica Pierobon Micol Mastrocicco Enrico Tesini Elisa Anna Fano Marco Bartoli 《Environmental management》2013,52(3):567-580
Detailed studies on pollutants genesis, path and transformation are needed in agricultural catchments facing coastal areas. Here, loss of nutrients should be minimized in order to protect valuable aquatic ecosystems from eutrophication phenomena. A soil system N budget was calculated for a lowland coastal area, the Po di Volano basin (Po River Delta, Northern Italy), characterized by extremely flat topography and fine soil texture and bordering a network of lagoon ecosystems. Main features of this area are the scarce relevance of livestock farming, the intense agriculture, mainly sustained by chemical fertilizers, and the developed network of artificial canals with long water residence time. Average nitrogen input exceeds output terms by ~60 kg N ha?1 year?1, a relatively small amount if compared to sub-basins of the same hydrological system. Analysis of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in groundwater suggests limited vertical loss and no accumulation of this element, while a nitrogen mass balance in surface waters indicates a net and significant removal within the watershed. Our data provide multiple evidences of efficient control of the nitrogen excess in this geographical area and we speculate that denitrification in soil and in the secondary drainage system performs this ecosystemic function. Additionally, the significant difference between nitrogen input and nitrogen output loads associated to the irrigation system, which is fed by the N-rich Po River, suggests that this basin metabolizes part of the nitrogen excess produced upstream. The traditionally absent livestock farming practices and consequent low use of manure as fertilizer pose the risk of excess soil mineralization and progressive loss of denitrification capacity in this area. 相似文献
20.
Andrea Gori Sergio Rossi Cristina Linares Elisa Berganzo Covadonga Orejas Mark RT Dale Josep-Maria Gili 《Marine Biology》2011,158(8):1721-1732
In the Western Mediterranean Sea, the gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1794) is found at high densities on sublittoral bottoms at depths from 10 to 70 m. Shallow colonies have symbiotic
zooxanthellae that deeper colonies lack. While knowledge of the ecology of the shallow populations has increased during the
last decades, there is almost no information on the ecology of the deep sublittoral populations. In October and November 2004
at Cap de Creus (42°19′12″ N; 03°19′34″ E), an analysis of video transects made by a remotely operated vehicle showed that
shallow populations (10–25 m depth) were dominated by small, non-reproductive colonies, while deep sublittoral populations
(50–67 m depth) were dominated by medium-sized colonies. Average and maximum colony heights were greater in the deeper populations,
with these deeper populations also forming larger patch sizes and more extensive regions of continuous substrate coverage.
These results suggest that shallow habitats are suitable for E. singularis, as shown by the high recruitment rate, but perturbations may limit or delay the development of these populations into a
mature stage. This contrasts with the deep sublittoral habitats where higher environmental stability may allow the development
of mature populations dominated by larger, sexually mature colonies. 相似文献