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Turrio-Baldassarri L Abate V Alivernini S Battistelli CL Carasi S Casella M Iacovella N Iamiceli AL Indelicato A Scarcella C La Rocca C 《Chemosphere》2007,67(9):1822-1830
This study deals with a PCB, PCDD and PCDF contamination in Brescia, a city in the North-West of Italy, affecting an area with about 11000 inhabitants. The area is close to an industrial plant that produced, in total, some 31,000 ton of PCB. A relevant part of the polluted area is agricultural soil, where cattle were fed with polluted forage and farmers were consuming their own products, so that contamination led eventually to human exposure. Total levels of PCDD/Fs varied from 8 to 592 pgTE(WHO)/g for soil samples and when the dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) are included, the levels varied from 14.6 to 1033.7 pgTE(WHO)/g. In several cases, the legal limit was exceeded by more than one order of magnitude, with the highest contamination in some agricultural areas and in the surrounding zones. For the forage samples, total levels of PCDD/Fs varied from 0.29 to 2.04 pgTE(WHO)/g and, when dl-PCBs are included, this range increased from 2.04 to 4.75 pgTE(WHO)/g. PCB contamination of the forage through vapor condensation seemed to be relevant. The toxic contribution of dl-PCBs is always relevant and must be considered for risk management. The main component of the contamination source is probably a heavy PCB mixture, such as Aroclor 1262. The study dealt generally with the contamination transfer of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs from soil up to humans across the food chain. Results on soils and forages are shown, while measurements concerning the contamination of the animals fed with contaminated forage, and the exposure of the farmers (through human serum analyses), as compared to general population, will be reported in a dedicated paper. 相似文献
234.
Multimethod,multistate Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach for use in regional monitoring of wolves
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José Jiménez Emilio J. García Luis Llaneza Vicente Palacios Luis Mariano González Francisco García‐Domínguez Jaime Múñoz‐Igualada José Vicente López‐Bao 《Conservation biology》2016,30(4):883-893
In many cases, the first step in large‐carnivore management is to obtain objective, reliable, and cost‐effective estimates of population parameters through procedures that are reproducible over time. However, monitoring predators over large areas is difficult, and the data have a high level of uncertainty. We devised a practical multimethod and multistate modeling approach based on Bayesian hierarchical‐site‐occupancy models that combined multiple survey methods to estimate different population states for use in monitoring large predators at a regional scale. We used wolves (Canis lupus) as our model species and generated reliable estimates of the number of sites with wolf reproduction (presence of pups). We used 2 wolf data sets from Spain (Western Galicia in 2013 and Asturias in 2004) to test the approach. Based on howling surveys, the naïve estimation (i.e., estimate based only on observations) of the number of sites with reproduction was 9 and 25 sites in Western Galicia and Asturias, respectively. Our model showed 33.4 (SD 9.6) and 34.4 (3.9) sites with wolf reproduction, respectively. The number of occupied sites with wolf reproduction was 0.67 (SD 0.19) and 0.76 (0.11), respectively. This approach can be used to design more cost‐effective monitoring programs (i.e., to define the sampling effort needed per site). Our approach should inspire well‐coordinated surveys across multiple administrative borders and populations and lead to improved decision making for management of large carnivores on a landscape level. The use of this Bayesian framework provides a simple way to visualize the degree of uncertainty around population‐parameter estimates and thus provides managers and stakeholders an intuitive approach to interpreting monitoring results. Our approach can be widely applied to large spatial scales in wildlife monitoring where detection probabilities differ between population states and where several methods are being used to estimate different population parameters. 相似文献
235.
Rufino Francesco Busico Gianluigi Cuoco Emilio Muscariello Lidia Calabrese Sergio Tedesco Dario 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2083-2099
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - An integrated approach using chemical and microbial indicators has been tested in two different sites of the Campania Plain (Southern Italy) with different... 相似文献
236.
Mendes Telmo José Siqueira Diego Silva de Figueiredo Eduardo Barretto Bordonal Ricardo de Oliveira Moitinho Mara Regina Marques Júnior José La Scala Jr. Newton 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):16410-16427
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Soils feature significant variations in soil carbon stocks through land-use changes, management practices, and intrinsic characteristics. The aim of... 相似文献
237.
La Fuente Carla I. A. de Souza Andressa Tamyris Tadini Carmen C. Augusto Pedro Esteves Duarte 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(6):1908-1920
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this study cassava starch modified by ozone technology and cellulose nanofibres were used to produce films. These nanocomposites were produced by... 相似文献
238.
Marull Joan Delgadillo Olga Cattaneo Claudio La Rota María José Krausmann Fridolin 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(4):1073-1087
Regional Environmental Change - Agroecosystems are facing a global challenge amidst a socioecological transition that places them in a dilemma between increasing land-use intensity to meet the... 相似文献
239.
Sacchi Elisa Cuoco Emilio Oster Harald Paolucci Vittorio Tedesco Dario Viaroli Stefano 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1-28
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The Riardo basin hosts groundwater exploited for the production of high quality, naturally sparkling, bottled water (e.g., Ferrarelle water), and circulating... 相似文献
240.
Naxieli Santiago-De La Rosa Griselda González-Cardoso José de Jesús Figueroa-Lara Mirella Gutiérrez-Arzaluz Claudia Octaviano-Villasana Irma Fabiola Ramírez-Hernández 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2018,68(8):849-865
Biomass burning is a common agricultural practice, because it allows elimination of postharvesting residues; nevertheless, it involves an inefficient combustion process that generates atmospheric pollutants emission, which has implications on health and climate change. This work focuses on the estimation of emission factors (EFs) of PM2.5, PM10, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) of residues from burning alfalfa, barley, beans, cotton, maize, rice, sorghum, and wheat in Mexico. Chemical characteristics of the residues were determined to establish their relationship with EFs, as well as with the modified combustion efficiency (MCE). Essays were carried out in an open combustion chamber with isokinetic sampling, following modified EPA 201-A method. EFs did not present statistical differences among different varieties of the same crop, but were statistically different among different crops, showing that generic values of EFs for all the agricultural residues can introduce significant uncertainties when used for climatic and atmospheric pollutant inventories. EFs of PM2.5 ranged from 1.19 to 11.30 g kg?1, and of PM10 from 1.77 to 21.56 g kg?1. EFs of EC correlated with lignin content, whereas EFs of OC correlated inversely with carbon content. EFs of EC and OC in PM2.5 ranged from 0.15 to 0.41 g kg?1 and from 0.33 to 5.29 g kg?1, respectively, and in PM10, from 0.17 to 0.43 g kg?1 and from 0.54 to 11.06 g kg?1. CO2 represented the largest gaseous emissions volume with 1053.35–1850.82 g kg?1, whereas the lowest was CH4 with 1.61–5.59 g kg?1. CO ranged from 28.85 to 155.71 g kg?1, correlating inversely with carbon content and MCE. EFs were used to calculate emissions from eight agricultural residues burning in the country during 2016, to know the potential mitigation of climatic and atmospheric pollutants, provided this practice was banned.Implications: The emission factors of particles, short-lived climatic pollutants, and atmospheric pollutants from the crop residues burning of eight agricultural wastes crops, determined in this study using a standardized method, provides better knowledge of the emissions of those species in Latin America and other developing countries, and can be used as inputs in air quality models and climatic studies. The EFs will allow the development of more accurate inventories of aerosols and gaseous pollutants, which will lead to the design of effective mitigation strategies and planning processes for sustainable agriculture. 相似文献