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41.
Emily Matthews 《生态毒理学报》2000,22(3)
尽管继续有科学不确定性,但表明当前捕捞实践不可持续的证据与日俱增.在国家层次和国际层次上,人们越来越认真地对待关于过度捕捞及其对穷国食品保障的潜在威胁的告诫.近年来已经看到了一波改善渔业管理的协议.然而,无论在当地社区和传统可能处于危急之中的富国,还是在鱼类对于食品供应也具有根本重要性而且捕捞是沿海地区少数几种生活来源之一的穷国,对减少世界捕捞船队的规模都有强大阻力. 相似文献
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Simon Conway Morris 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(11):1313-1337
The very success of the Darwinian explanation, in not only demonstrating evolution from multiple lines of evidence but also in providing some plausible explanations, paradoxically seems to have served to have stifled explorations into other areas of investigation. The fact of evolution is now almost universally yoked to the assumption that its outcomes are random, trends are little more than drunkard’s walks, and most evolutionary products are masterpieces of improvisation and far from perfect. But is this correct? Let us consider some alternatives. Is there evidence that evolution could in anyway be predictable? Can we identify alternative forms of biological organizations and if so how viable are they? Why are some molecules so extraordinarily versatile, while others can be spoken of as “molecules of choice”? How fortuitous are the major transitions in the history of life? What implications might this have for the Tree of Life? To what extent is evolutionary diversification constrained or facilitated by prior states? Are evolutionary outcomes merely sufficient or alternatively are they highly efficient, even superb? Here I argue that in sharp contradistinction to an orthodox Darwinian view, not only is evolution much more predictable than generally assumed but also investigation of its organizational substrates, including those of sensory systems, which indicates that it is possible to identify a predictability to the process and outcomes of evolution. If correct, the implications may be of some significance, not least in separating the unexceptional Darwinian mechanisms from underlying organizational principles, which may indicate evolutionary inevitabilities. 相似文献
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Alireza A. Shamshirsaz Kelsey A. Stewart Hadi Erfani Ahmed A. Nassr Nathan C. Sundgren Amy R. Mehollin-Ray Shaine A. Morris Jimmy Espinoza Magdalena Sanz Cortes Christopher Cassady Timothy C. Lee Eumenia C. Castro Olutoyin A. Olutoye Deepak K. Mehta Darrell Cass Oluyinka O. Olutoye Michael A. Belfort 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(4):287-292
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A time‐lagged investigation of the impact of coworker behavior on the effects of demographic dissimilarity 下载免费PDF全文
Although it is clear that coworker absenteeism, tardiness, and turnover can influence an employee's actions, scholars have yet to consider the impact of relational demography on the adoption of these behavioral norms. Inspired by social identity, situational strength, and attraction‐selection‐attrition theories, we proposed that individuals who differ from their coworkers in age, sex, or racioethnicity would feel threatened by their outnumbered status and subsequently motivated to be absent, tardy, or more likely to turnover. However, we expected coworker withdrawal behavior to moderate whether or not dissimilar personnel act on these desires. Results from hierarchical multilevel modeling analyses of data from 470 U.S. call center workers nested in 51 work groups revealed that racioethnic dissimilarity was positively related to time‐lagged changes in absenteeism and tardiness as well as heightened turnover likelihood. These effects emerged only among employees whose coworkers engaged in greater withdrawal behavior. Importantly, racioethnically dissimilar employees working in more permissive climates (i.e., those with high levels of coworker absenteeism, tardiness, or turnover) exhibited the greatest increases in absenteeism and tardiness over three months and had the highest supervisor‐rated turnover likelihood. Implications for diversity management are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献