水情自动测报系统在唐徕渠水量调度中的应用研究

水情自动测报系统在唐徕渠水量调度中的应用问题,是由于水资源的日益紧缺,为推进节水型灌域建设,解决灌区的用水矛盾,文中介绍了唐徕渠灌区的基本概况,探讨了水情自动测报系统建设,从对唐徕渠水量调度情况的分析,提出建立水情自动测报系统后对水量调度工作的影响,探讨了水情自动测报系统与科学调度水量、水情自动测报系统与干渠险情、水情自动测报系统与管理效率、水情自动测报系统与农民利益、水情自动测报系统与城镇化建设和水情自动测报系统与监管统计,指出水情自动测报系统存在的问题,并提出改进拱赫     

Accurate prediction of air quality response to emissions for effective control policy design

Designing effective control policy requires accurate quantification of the relationship between the ambient concentrations of O₃and PM_2.5and the emissions of their precursors.However,the challenge is that precursor reduction does not necessarily lead to decreases in the concentrations of O₃and PM_2.5,which are formed by multiple precursors under complex physical and chemical processes;this calls for the development of advanced model technologies to prov...     

Evaluating cost and benefit of air pollution control policies in China: A systematic review

China has put great efforts into air pollution control over the past years and recently committed to its most ambitious climate target. Cost and benefit analysis has been widely used to evaluate the control policies in terms of past performance, future reduction potential,and direct and indirect impacts. To understand the cost and benefit analysis for air pollution control in China, we conducted a bibliometric review of more than 100 studies published over the past two decades, including the cur...     

Comprehensive evaluation method of urban air quality statistics based on environmental monitoring data and its application

Air quality monitoring is effective for timely understanding of the current air quality status of a region or city. Currently, the huge volume of environmental monitoring data, which has reasonable real-time performance, provides strong support for in-depth analysis of air pollution characteristics and causes. However, in the era of big data, to meet current demands for fine management of the atmospheric environment, it is important to explore the characteristics and causes of air pollution from multiple aspects for comprehensive and scientific evaluation of air quality. This study reviewed and summarized air quality evaluation methods on the basis of environmental monitoring data statistics during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and evaluated the level of air pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and its surrounding areas (i.e., the “2+26” region) during the period of the three-year action plan to fight air pollution. We suggest that air quality should be comprehensively, deeply, and scientifically evaluated from the aspects of air pollution characteristics, causes, and influences of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions. It is also suggested that a three-year moving average be introduced as one of the evaluation indexes of long-term change of pollutants. Additionally, both temporal and spatial differences should be considered when removing confounding meteorological factors.     

Preface

<正>The serious air pollution problems in China have significantly affected the development of China’s economy and society, especially in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta, which has aroused widespread concern throughout society. With the launch of the MOST(Ministry Of Science and Technology) key project for Air Pollution Formation Mechanism and Control Technology during the 13^th Five-Year Plan,     

Structure and flow calculation of cake layer on microfiltration membranes

Submerged membrane bioreactors(SMBR) are widely used in wastewater treatment. The permeability of a membrane declines rapidly because of the formation of a cake layer on the membrane surface. In this paper, a multiple staining protocol was conducted to probe the four major foulants in the cake layer formed on a filtration membrane. Fluorescent images of the foulants were obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM). The three dimensional structure of the cake layer was reconstructed, and the internal flow was calculated using computational fluid dynamics(CFD). Simulation results agreed well with the experimental data on the permeability of the cake layer during filtration and showed better accuracy than the calculation by Kozeny–Carman method. β-D-Glucopyranose polysaccharides and proteins are the two main foulants with relatively large volume fractions, while α-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and nucleic acids have relatively large specific surface areas. The fast growth of β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides in the volume fraction is mainly responsible for the increase in cake volume fraction and the decrease in permeability. The specific area, or the aggregation/dispersion of foulants, is less important to its permeability compared to its volume fraction.     

石家庄市采暖期大气细颗粒物中PAHs污染特征

采集2015年12月-2016年2月采暖期石家庄市文教区、交通密集区、居民区和商业交通混合区大气细颗粒物样品,依据HJ 646-2013《环境空气和废气气相和颗粒物中多环芳烃的测定气相色谱-质谱法》分析石家庄市大气细颗粒物中PAHs污染水平及分布特征、气象参数与PAHs相关性,并解析PAHs污染来源.结果表明:石家庄市冬季采暖期大气细颗粒物PM₁₀、PM_2.5和PM_1.0中ρ（PAHs）的日均值分别为397.66、349.09和272.35 ng/m3,分别是采暖期前（11月1-15日）的6.16、4.62和4.82倍,并且呈交通密集区>居民区>文教区>商业交通混合区的空间分布特点.相对湿度与细颗粒物PM₁₀、PM_2.5和PM_1.0中ρ（PAHs）均呈显著正相关,R2分别为0.30、0.37和0.33,而风速与三者呈显著负相关,R2分别为-0.39、-0.53和-0.26;PM_1.0中具有显著相关的PAHs单体数量多于PM₁₀和PM_2.5.根据PAHs环数分布特征及特征化合物比值判断,石家庄市冬季采暖期PAHs污染为燃煤与机动车尾气复合型污染特征,同时餐饮油烟也有一定的贡献.      

Recent progress on synthesis of ZIF-67-based materials and their application to heterogeneous catalysis

In recent years, an increasing amount of interest has been dedicated to the synthesis and application of ZIF-67-based materials due to their exceptionally high surface area, tunable porosity, and excellent thermal and chemical stabilities. This review summarizes the latest strategies of synthesizing ZIF-67-based materials by exploring the prominent examples. Then, the recent progress in the applications of ZIF-67-based materials in heterogeneous catalysis, including catalysis of the redox reactions, addition reactions, esterification reactions, Knoevenagel con-densations, and hydrogenation–dehydrogenation reactions, has been elaborately discussed. Finally, we end this work by shedding some light on the large-scale industrial production of ZIF-67-based materials and their applications in the future.     

Hydrostatic burst test 0F X80 grade steel pipe

To evaluate the future application of X80 steel pipe in high-pressure oil and gas pipelines in China, hydrostatic burst tests were performed. The deformation and yield strength of longitudinal submerged arc-welding steel pipe Ф1016 × 18.4 mm under five applied pressure levels were measured. When the hoop stress is lower than 1.1SMYS, the pipe normally deforms elastically and uniformly with the maximum strain less than 0.3%. The slope offsets of the pressure–volume plot of pipe were discussed.     

城市居住小区的碳源-碳汇实证研究

碳源-碳汇特征的研究是建设低碳小区的先决条件。论文分别使用了物料均衡法和生物量统计法对周家泉小区碳源-碳汇进行了计算分析,并对按居住区能源供应标准计算的排放值与实际排放值进行了对比。结果显示:(1)实际排放中,直接排放量占小区总排放量的47.1%,其中煤炭消耗排放量最大。间接排放占小区排放总量的52.9%,其中电力消耗排放占到了93.6%,为小区能源消耗的最大排放源。(2)按居住区燃气供应指标为小区居民提供能源能在充分满足居民需求的前提下有效减少CO2排放量。按电力供应指标计算的CO2排放量大于实际电力消耗排放。供水及污水处理技术是减少用水排放的关键因素。(3)绿化带是小区主要碳汇要素,仅通过实现国家规定的30%的绿地率并不能满足小区碳汇需求。在小区碳源碳汇研究的基础上提出了控制和减少小区CO2的对策建议,以期为低碳小区建设提供参考。